Reproductive Disorders of Cattle in the Tole District of Southwest Ethiopia and Their Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors

Abstract

Reproduction is a basic requirement for efficient cattle production to continue or cease; whereas, reproductive disorders are the leading cause of economic loss in the cattle industry. To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of major reproductive disorders in cattle in the Tole district, a cross-sectional study design was conducted from October, 2020, to October, 2021. To identify potential risk factors for cattle reproductive disorders, a multivariable random effect logistic regression analysis was used. A total of 400 randomly selected cows were examined, and 37.8% of them had at least one reproductive disorder. The three main reproductive disorders observed in the study area were abortion (17.8%), stillbirth (4.8%), and dystocia (3.3%). Risk factors for reproductive disorders in the study area included the calving season (OR = 3.7, 95% CL-1.37–7.18) and the accessibility of dogs to cattle (OR = 2.5, 95% CL-1.64–3.85). Accessibility of dogs to cattle in the study areas was also a risk factor for abortion (OR = 7.5, 95% CL-3.59–15.54). The present study also identified parity (OR = 5.2, 95% CL-1.05–26.04) as a risk factor for dystocia in cattle in the study areas. This demonstrated that losses in cattle production in the study areas are significantly attributed to reproductive problems. Hence, it is essential to increase public awareness of how reproductive disorders affect cattle production and to develop and implement appropriate control measures for these disorders. The causes of abortion and dystocia in various areas should be precisely identified and described through further research.

Temporal variation and risk factors associated with reproductive disorders in Hardhenu (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) dairy cattle

“…Furthermore, the incidence of retention of placenta was found to be the highest (18.36%) among the various categories of reproductive disorders in our study. This finding is consistent with the results of previous studies that have highlighted the significance of placental retention as a major reproductive disorder (Jeong et al, 2018; Tulu & Negera, 2022). Similarly, repeat breeding (11.19%) and metritis (6.27%) also contributed significantly to the overall incidence of reproductive disorders in our resource population.…”

“…Reproductive disorders in dairy cattle are influenced by various factors, including inadequate nutrition, poor reproductive management practices, infectious diseases, environmental stressors and genetic predisposition (Dereje et al, 2018; Duguma, 2022; Tulu & Negera, 2022; Yadav et al, 2023). The genetic component has a relatively smaller impact on determining the occurrence of these disorders compared to other factors, such as environmental influences, due to the low heritability of the trait.…”

Production performance, breeding practices and challenges of Holstein-Local crossbred cattle in some selected areas of Bangladesh

“…These results are more or less similar to the present study. In addition, Tulu et al (2022) observed the three main reproductive disorders in their studied areas and the incidence rates were abortion (17.8%), stillbirth (4.8%), and dystocia (3.3%). Yohannes and Alemu (2019) reported that Dystocia, repeat breeder, retained fetal membrane, abortion; metritis, anestrous and uterine and vaginal prolapse were recorded with prevalence of 15.5, 8.1, 5.3, 4.5, 2.6, 2.3 and 1.0%, respectively.…”

Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii, Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo, and Brucella species and associated reproductive disorders in cattle in southwest Ethiopia

“…In Ethiopia, dairy farming faces substantial challenges due to reproductive diseases, resulting in economic losses and subpar reproductive outcomes in smallholder dairy farms [ 4 , 5 ]. Reproductive disorders such as abortion, dystocia, stillbirth, retained fetal membrane, endometritis, and pyometra are prevalent [ 6 , 7 ]. Several of these disorders stem from genital infections, some of which may have zoonotic potential [ [8] , [9] , [10] ].…”