Reproductive costs in Acer saccharum: exploring size-dependent relations between seed production and branch extension

Hossain, Shaik Md. Yousuf; Caspersen, John P.; Thomas, Sean C.

doi:10.1007/s00468-017-1536-4

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In contrast, lateral growth did vary with stem diameter, suggesting that growth may decline due to increasing reproductive allocation. Indeed, consistent with this hypothesis, a previous study conducted in the same forest system suggested that ontogenetic increase in reproductive allocation of sugar maple drove the decline in lateral growth [47]. However, these findings may have been the result of collinearity between stem diameter, tree height and branch length.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

The Lateral Growth of Branches into Small Canopy Gaps: Implications for Competition between Canopy Trees

Hossain

Olson

2023

Forests

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Much research in forest ecology has been devoted to examining the effect of gap formation on regeneration dynamics. However, comparatively little research has examined the process of gap closure, in which larger trees bordering the gap grow laterally to exploit available light. Thus, it remains uncertain whether disturbance disrupts or reinforces the competitive hierarchy established among different species and sizes classes. We quantified the lateral growth of three hardwood tree species with differing autecologies both before and after the formation of small gaps created by single-tree selection. Linear mixed-effect models were employed to link lateral growth to species and stem diameter to examine whether gap formation favors intolerant species and small trees in the canopy. Additional models were also developed to examine the relationship of lateral growth with branch length and tree height. Before gap formation, the mid-tolerant yellow birch grew considerably faster than the tolerant sugar maple and American beech. However, yellow birch was less responsive to gap formation (~16%) than sugar maple or beech, whose lateral growth increased by 42% and 39%, respectively. This suggests that gap formation reinforces the competitive dominance of tolerant species. In contrast, gap formation disrupts the competitive dominance of large trees in the canopy, since the lateral growth of small trees increased five times that of large trees. Thus, small silvicultural gaps bordered by small trees may close too quickly to permit the regeneration of mid-tolerant species. Following the release, small trees also grew faster than their larger counterparts, suggesting that lateral growth declines as the cost of reproduction increases with tree size. However, lateral growth did not vary with tree height or branch length, suggesting that lateral growth does not decline due to increasing support costs or hydraulic limitation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

The Lateral Growth of Branches into Small Canopy Gaps: Implications for Competition between Canopy Trees

Hossain

Olson

2023

Forests

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“…Most tree species produce bumper crops of seed every 3-10 years and so the strength of the spectral signal associated with flower and seed production may not always be reliable. In the case of Haliburton it was reported by Hossain et al [42] that 2015 (the acquisition year of multi-seasonal WorldView images) was not a mast year for the most abundant species in Haliburton (sugar maple), meaning that it produced few if any flowers and seeds. In this context, the reproductive structures of other species may have had a great effect on canopy reflectance patterns, such that the spectral differences between species could be even more pronounced in this non-mast year.…”

Section: Workflow Of Individual Tree-based Species Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Operational Workflow of Deciduous-Dominated Forest Species Classification: Crown Delineation, Gap Elimination, and Object-Based Classification

Yang

Caspersen

et al. 2019

Remote Sensing

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Recent advances in remote sensing technology provide sufficient spatial detail to achieve species-level classification over large vegetative ecosystems. In deciduous-dominated forests, however, as tree species diversity and forest structural diversity increase, the frequency of spectral overlap between species also increases and our ability to classify tree species significantly decreases. This study proposes an operational workflow of individual tree-based species classification for a temperate, mixed deciduous forest using three-seasonal WorldView images, involving three steps of individual tree crown (ITC) delineation, non-forest gap elimination, and object-based classification. The process of species classification started with ITC delineation using the spectral angle segmentation algorithm, followed by object-based random forest classifications. A total of 672 trees was located along three triangular transects for training and validation. For single-season images, the late-spring, mid-summer, and early-fall images achieve the overall accuracies of 0.46, 0.42, and 0.35, respectively. Combining the spectral information of the early-spring, mid-summer, and early-fall images increases the overall accuracy of classification to 0.79. However, further adding the late-fall image to separate deciduous and coniferous trees as an extra step was not successful. Compared to traditional four-band (Blue, Green, Red, Near-Infrared) images, the four additional bands of WorldView images (i.e., Coastal, Yellow, Red Edge, and Near-Infrared2) contribute to the species classification greatly (OA: 0.79 vs. 0.53). This study gains insights into the contribution of the additional spectral bands and multi-seasonal images to distinguishing species with seemingly high degrees of spectral overlap.

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“…Caspersen and Saprunoff (2005) demonstrated that inappropriate substrates, more than seed dispersal, limit the abundance of yellow birch and sugar maple at the northern limit of their distribution. In addition, at a broader spatial scale, the demographic characteristics of temperate species, such as late sexual maturity, reproductive strategies with cycles of 3–7 years and their seed dispersal, will constrain their poleward migration even with the projected shift of their potential bioclimatic range with the current rate of climate change (Aitken et al 2008, Hossain et al 2017, Boisvert‐Marsh et al 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive interactions under current climate allow temperate tree species to grow and survive in boreal mixedwood forest

et al. 2023

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With climate change, climatic optima are shifting poleward more rapidly than tree migration processes, resulting in a mismatch between species distributions and bioclimatic envelopes. Temperate hardwood tree species may take advantage of the release of climate constraints and forest management to migrate into the boreal forest. Here, we use the SORTIE‐ND forest simulation model to determine the potential for the persistence of three temperate species (sugar maple, red maple and yellow birch) when introduced at seedling stage in typical balsam fir–paper birch (BF–PB) bioclimatic domain stands of eastern Canada, quantifying the consequences on the native species composition. SORTIE‐ND is a spatially explicit, individual‐based forest stand model that simulates tree growth, regeneration and mortality. We performed a novel parameterization of the SORTIE‐ND tree growth equation allowing for the inclusion of climate modifiers on tree growth. After validating our model with data from permanent forest inventory plots, we modeled the dynamics of unharvested stands at different successional stages, as well as post‐harvest stands, after the addition of sugar maple, red maple and yellow birch seedlings at different densities. Our results show that current BF–PB domain climate conditions do not limit growth and survival of temperate species in boreal stands. Of the temperate species introduced, sugar maple had the lowest ability to grow and survive by the end of the simulation. Species assemblages of host stands were impacted by the presence of temperate species when the addition of seedlings was above 5000 temperate seedlings per hectare at the beginning of the simulation. For stands that were recently clear cut, temperate seedlings were unable to grow due to intense competition from aspen regeneration. Our results suggest that both current climate and competitive interactions between temperate species and boreal species should not impede the ability of temperate species to grow and survive in the BF–PB domain.

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Reproductive costs in Acer saccharum: exploring size-dependent relations between seed production and branch extension

Abstract: Key message: Branch extension of Acer saccharum is negatively correlated with seed production, with no independent effect of tree size, consistent with reproductive allocation as the main driver of the age-related decline in tree canopy growth.

Cited by 8 publications

References 60 publications

The Lateral Growth of Branches into Small Canopy Gaps: Implications for Competition between Canopy Trees

The Lateral Growth of Branches into Small Canopy Gaps: Implications for Competition between Canopy Trees

An Operational Workflow of Deciduous-Dominated Forest Species Classification: Crown Delineation, Gap Elimination, and Object-Based Classification

Competitive interactions under current climate allow temperate tree species to grow and survive in boreal mixedwood forest

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