Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Solvents and Gases

Vulimiri, Suryanarayana V.; Pratt, M. Margaret; Kulkarni, Shaila; Beedanagari, Sudheer; Mahadevan, B

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804239-7.00021-4

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Gasoline is a liquid mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons derived from fractional distillation of petroleum, which is combined with additives such as isooctane and aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., toluene and benzene). Gasoline also contains several other additives including ethanol, methanol, formaldehyde, xylene, 1,3-butadiene, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and hexane [ 6 ]. As previously reported, acute ingestion of toluene can cause irritation, corrosion and injury to the gastrointestinal tract, which manifests as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and vomiting of blood [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Refractory Esophageal Stricture Due to Chronic Gasoline Ingestion: A Case Report

Sutanto

Vidyani

2023

Medicina

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Esophageal stricture is a narrowing of the esophageal lumen which is often characterized by impaired swallowing or dysphagia. It can be induced by inflammation, fibrosis or neoplasia which damages the mucosa and/or submucosa of the esophagus. Corrosive substance ingestion is one of the major causes of esophageal stricture, particularly in children and young adults. For instance, accidental ingestion or attempted suicide with corrosive household products is not uncommon. Gasoline is a liquid mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons derived from the fractional distillation of petroleum, which is then combined with additives such as isooctane and aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., toluene and benzene). Gasoline also contains several other additives including ethanol, methanol and formaldehyde, which make it a corrosive agent. Interestingly, to the best of our knowledge, the incidence of esophageal stricture caused by chronic gasoline ingestion has not been reported. In this paper, we report the case of a patient with dysphagia due to complex esophageal stricture due to chronic gasoline ingestion who underwent a series of esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (EGD) procedures and repeated esophageal dilation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Refractory Esophageal Stricture Due to Chronic Gasoline Ingestion: A Case Report

Sutanto

Vidyani

2023

Medicina

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“…This action was also expected to assist in creating a pathway for the restoration of ecosystems that have been damaged by various harmful contaminants, including the atmospheric Pb emitted by leaded fuel [ 7 ]. It should also be noted that unleaded gasoline contains 15 dangerous compounds, including trace metals, benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and trimethyl benzene, among others [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of Pb and Other Associated Elements in Soil Dust 15 Years after the Introduction of Unleaded Fuel and the Human Health Implications in Pretoria, South Africa

Olowoyo

Lion

Unathi

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Leaded fuel has been reported to contain certain amounts of toxic trace metals such as Pb and Cadmium (Cd), which may have negative impacts on humans and the environment. Unleaded fuel was introduced to South Africa in 2006 with the aim of reducing and eventually eliminating the negative impact of leaded fuel on the environment. However, trace metals are usually nonbiodegradable, and it may therefore be necessary to monitor their presence in the environment so as to evaluate their possible impact on human health. The present study evaluated the levels of Pb and other heavy metals in soil samples collected from petrol (gas) filling stations and from busy roads just around the filling stations in Pretoria, South Africa, fifteen years after the introduction of unleaded fuel. A total of twenty-four (24) soil samples were analysed for lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), and cadmium (Cd) using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed that the concentrations of the trace metals were in the following ranges: Pb, 0.08 ± 0.02–188.36 ± 15.32 ug/g; Mn, 5.35 ± 0.34–6842.43 ± 1.35 ug/g; Zn, 1.82 ± 0.22–9814.89 ± 22.32 ug/g; As, 0.21 ± 0.00–8.42 ± 2.44 ug/g; Cu, 10.51 ± 3.41–859 ± 0.09 ug/g; Cr, 5.80 ± 2.21–417.70 ± 9.08 ug/g; Ti, 19.94 ± 4.99–1036.12 ± 1.49 ug/g; and Fe, 3.06 ± 7.87–674.07 ± 12.22 mg/g. The highest concentrations from all the elements were recorded for Fe in all the collected soil samples. The concentrations of Pb in the soils collected from sites associated with high traffic and industrial areas were higher than for those from all other sites, and the differences were significant (p < 0.05). The pollution index (PI), which is the anthropogenic influence of the trace metals, and the geoaccumulation (Igeo), which allows for the removal of possible variations as regards the studied element in the soil due to the possible differences in the background value, showed that some samples were enriched anthropogenically. The PI for Ni, Pb, Cu, and Cr indicated highly anthropogenically contaminated soils, especially at sites associated with high traffic volumes and in industrial areas. The Igeo showed moderately polluted areas for Pb and Cu in high-traffic areas. The exposure routes for the toxic trace metals that were of concern in the study were either through ingestion or dermal contact. The calculated hazard quotient showed both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for Fe and Mn via ingestion and through dermal contact for both children and adults, respectively. The concentrations of Pb were high and similar to those that were previously reported in the study and pointed to vehicular emission as one of the contributors. The study also noticed an increase in the presence of Mn and Fe in all soil samples.

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“…Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is another component of Carburetor Cleaners and it's quickly absorbed by ingestion, inhalation and dermal exposure, acute exposure to MEK causes irritation of the eyes and nose, lack of coordination, abnormality in brain, liver, lungs and kidney while chronic exposure leads to decrease in brain weight and slight anemia [16]. Ethyl benzene has been classified as potential carcinogen by IARC, and some experiments conducted using rats and mice showed increased incidence of kidney and testicular tumors in male and female rats, lung tumors and liver tumors in male and female mice respectively [17]. The aim of this study is therefore to determine the effects of exposure to Carburetor cleaning agents on reproductive and haematological parameters in albino rats and relating the effect to humans considering that humans share similar physiology with albino rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive indices and haematological response of male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to Carburetor cleaner

Oriakpono¹,

Emekalam²

2022

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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Albino rats were exposed to carburetor cleaners with varying routes of exposure using five treatments viz control group1, & groups 2, 3, 4 & 5 representing (inhalatory, feed incorporated, oral and dermal routes) respectively. Haematological parameters as; PCV, HB, RBC, McV, McH, and McHc were evaluated, while the semen analysis such as; Motility quantitative (M1), Debris quantitative (D1), sperm count (C), morphology primordial (Mp), and morphology structure (Ms) were determined. The results revealed the following mean value of PCV for groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 as 47.5, 40.0, 35.0, 20.5, and 23.25 respectively with significant differences (P<0.05) across the group, for HB 15.38, 14.25, 12.10, 8.30 and 8.78 for group 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively with significant difference (P<0.05) across the group. RBC and McV had a mean value of 5.27 and 9.08, 4.15and 9.59, 3.57 and 10.01, 2.33 and 8.77, 1.85 and 14.66 for groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively with significant differences (P<0.05) across the group. While McH and McHc had a mean value of 2.94 and 0.32, 3.42 and 0.36, 3.45 and 0.35, 3.59 and 0.41, 5.51 and 0.39 for groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively with significant difference (P<0.05) across the group. For semen analysis, M1 was 66.25, 52.5, 43.75, 31.25 and 23.75 for group 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively, Debris D1 was 6.25, 7.5, 8.75, 28.75 and 7.5 for group 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively, C and Mp were 53.25 and 6.25, 47.5 and 6.25, 42.0 and 17.75, 36.25 and 27.50, 37.25 and 30.0 for group 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively also. Finally, Ms was 1.0, 1.0, 1.25, 1.50 and 1.75 for group 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. The results generally indicate that carburetor cleaner exerts a negative effect on the body irrespective of the route of exposure and extreme care should be taken when handling and utilization.

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Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Solvents and Gases

Cited by 13 publications

References 109 publications

Complex Refractory Esophageal Stricture Due to Chronic Gasoline Ingestion: A Case Report

Complex Refractory Esophageal Stricture Due to Chronic Gasoline Ingestion: A Case Report

Concentrations of Pb and Other Associated Elements in Soil Dust 15 Years after the Introduction of Unleaded Fuel and the Human Health Implications in Pretoria, South Africa

Reproductive indices and haematological response of male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to Carburetor cleaner

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