Reproductive and developmental toxicity of metals.

Empirical Data Confirm Autism Symptoms Related to Aluminum and Acetaminophen Exposure

“…A study on oral exposure to methylmercury in mice confirmed that the methylmercury is absorbed, taken up by the liver, and then exported via the bile acids, likely bound to bio-organic sulfate. These researchers demonstrated a complete inability to dispose of methylmercury in neonate animals, confirming that newborns are much more susceptible to mercury toxicity than adults [81]. It was shown that this impaired disposal was due in part to insufficient glutathione in the liver.…”

Methylmercury accumulation, histopathology effects, and cholinesterase activity alterations in medaka (Oryzias latipes) following sublethal exposure to methylmercury chloride

“…Some reports showed that mercury compounds could be retained in the tissues of animals for long periods (biological half time for rats was 35-45 days in whole body, Magos, 1987), resulting in irreversible damages, such as neurological impairment and lesions, behavioral and cognitive changes, ataxia, as well as convulsions (Harada, 1979;Eccles and Annau, 1982;Clarkson et al, 1983).…”

Potential for genotoxic and reprotoxic effects of vanadium compounds due to occupational and environmental exposures: An article based on a presentation at the 8th International Symposium on Vanadium Chemistry, Biological Chemistry, and Toxicology, Washington DC, August 15–18, 2012

“…Heavy metals can affect the male reproductive system, altering the hypothalamic-pituitarygonadal axis or directly affecting spermatogenesis, thus diminishing the semen quality (Leopardi et al, 2005;Mendiola et al, 2011). Of the toxic metals, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, and vanadium have been identified as highly significant in environmental and occupational exposures, as studies have shown that these metals can accumulate in the testis and/or epididymis, altering reproductive and endocrine function (Castellini et al, 2009;Clarkson et al, 1985;Danielsson et al, 1984;Thompson & Bannigan, 2008).…”