Reproduction, physiology and biochemistry.

Perry, R. N.; Wright, Denis J.; Chitwood, David J.

doi:10.1079/9781780641515.0219

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…The depletion of lipid in G. pallida J2s occurs slowly post‐hatching, with a 50% reduction after 7 days compared with 1.5 h in adult C. elegans . This is in line with the recognition of J2 as a relatively metabolic inactive life‐stage, somewhat similar to the C. elegans dauer stage . 28 days post‐hatching, the lipid stores in G. pallida would appear to be completely depleted.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

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Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy in Caenorhabditis elegans and Globodera pallida: evidence for an ivermectin‐activated decrease in lipid stores

Smus

Ludlow

Dallière

et al. 2017

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUNDMacrocyclic lactones are arguably the most successful chemical class with efficacy against parasitic nematodes. Here we investigated the effect of the macrocyclic lactone ivermectin on lipid homeostasis in the plant parasitic nematode Globodera pallida and provide new insight into its mode of action.RESULTSA non‐invasive, non‐destructive, label‐free and chemically selective technique called Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy was used to study lipid stores in G. pallida. We optimised the protocol using the free‐living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and then used CARS to quantify lipid stores in the pre‐parasitic, non‐feeding J2 stage of G. pallida. This revealed a concentration of lipid stores in the posterior region of J2 s within 24 h of hatching which decreased to undetectable levels over the course of 28 days. We tested the effect of ivermectin on J2 viability and lipid stores. Within 24 h, ivermectin paralysed J2 s. Counterintuitively, over the same time‐course ivermectin increased the rate of depletion of J2 lipid, suggesting that in ivermectin‐treated J2 s there is a disconnection between the energy requirements for motility and metabolic rate. This decrease in lipid stores would be predicted to negatively impact on J2 infective potential.CONCLUSIONThese data suggest that the benefit of macrocyclic lactones as seed treatments may be underpinned by a multilevel effect involving both neuromuscular inhibition and acceleration of lipid metabolism. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…This is in line with the recognition of J2 as a relatively metabolic inactive life-stage, somewhat similar to the C. elegans dauer stage. 37 28 days post-hatching, the lipid stores in G. pallida would appear to be completely depleted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy in Caenorhabditis elegans and Globodera pallida: evidence for an ivermectin‐activated decrease in lipid stores

Smus

Ludlow

Dallière

et al. 2017

Pest Management Science

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“…The reduced number of G. pallida females developing may arise from less efficient root invasion, mortality of developing females or a higher proportion of males in unfavourable conditions as sex is determined by environmental conditions in planta (Perry, Wright, & Chitwood, ). It seems unlikely to arise from differences in hatch, as there is no substantial effect for either species over the range studied in the recent work by Kaczmarek, Mackenzie, Kettle, and Blok ().…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change is predicted to alter the current pest status of Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis in the United Kingdom

Jones

Koehler

Trnka

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

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The potato cyst nematodes Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis are economically important plant pathogens causing losses to UK potato harvests estimated at £50 m/ year. Implications of climate change on their future pest status have not been fully considered. Here, we report growth of female G. pallida and G. rostochiensis over the range 15 to 25°C. Females per plant and their fecundity declined progressively with temperatures above 17.5°C for G. pallida, whilst females per plant were optimal between 17.5 and 22.5°C for G. rostochiensis. Relative reproductive success with temperature was confirmed on two potato cultivars infected with either species at 15, 22.5 and 25°C. The reduced reproductive success of G. pallida at 22.5°C relative to 15°C was also recorded for a further seven host cultivars studied. The differences in optimal temperatures for reproductive success may relate to known differences in the altitude of their regions of origin in the Andes. Exposure of G. pallida to a diurnal temperature stress for one week during female growth significantly suppressed subsequent growth for one week at 17.5°C but had no effect on G. rostochiensis. However, after two weeks of recovery, female size was not significantly different from that for the control treatment. Future soil temperatures were simulated for medium‐ and high‐emission scenarios and combined with nematode growth data to project future implications of climate change for the two species. Increased soil temperatures associated with climate change may reduce the pest status of G. pallida but benefit G. rostochiensis especially in the southern United Kingdom. We conclude that plant breeders may be able to exploit the thermal limits of G. pallida by developing potato cultivars able to grow under future warm summer conditions. Existing widely deployed resistance to G. rostochiensis is an important characteristic to retain for new potato cultivars.

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“…These factors can differ substantially among years and locations due to regional environmental factors, soil type, soil biota, cultivar choice, initial PCN density and the PCN species (Greco et al, 1982;Seinhorst, 1982). Among the abiotic factors, soil temperature is a key environmental variable affecting the life cycle of PCN (Perry et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential impacts of climate change on the threat of potato cyst nematode species in Great Britain

et al. 2018

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Potato cyst nematode (PCN) species have different temperature optima for various life cycle stages, therefore a risk assessment of the threat of PCN species under future climates is essential to guide adaptation strategies. Data defining the spatial coverage of potato crops in Great Britain were combined with probabilistic climate change data and a newly developed PCN life cycle model to project the future risk to potato crops from PCN. The model was based on the results of controlled environment experiments to investigate the effect of temperature on survival to female maturity using three PCN populations: Globodera pallida (Lindley) and G. rostochiensis from the James Hutton Institute PCN collection, and a field population of G. pallida (S‐Fife). It was found that projected increases in soil temperature could result in increased survival to female maturity for all three PCN populations, with greater increases expected for Scotland, followed by Wales then England. The largest projected increases in Scotland were for G. pallida, whereas G. rostochiensis showed the largest increases in Wales and England. The potential impact of several agronomic adaptation strategies on projected PCN risk were also investigated. The results from the model suggest that soil infestation levels would have to be reduced by up to 40% in order to negate projected increases in PCN risk, and that advancing the start date of the growing season or modifying planting patterns could be successful strategies to reduce future PCN risk.

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Reproduction, physiology and biochemistry.

Abstract: This chapter describes the reproduction, development, musculature and neurobiology, biosynthesis, respiration, intermediary metabolism, osmotic, ionic regulation and excretion, and survial strategies of plant parasitic nematodes.

Cited by 27 publications

References 83 publications

Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy in Caenorhabditis elegans and Globodera pallida: evidence for an ivermectin‐activated decrease in lipid stores

Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy in Caenorhabditis elegans and Globodera pallida: evidence for an ivermectin‐activated decrease in lipid stores

Climate change is predicted to alter the current pest status of Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis in the United Kingdom

Potential impacts of climate change on the threat of potato cyst nematode species in Great Britain

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