Reproduction in the Male, Fertilization, and Early Embryonic Development

Sturkie, Paul D.; Opel, H.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-96274-5_17

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…The number of spermatozoa used for the insemination of these hens was approximately three times the minimum spermatozoa numbers (100 x 10 6 ) recommended for optimum fertilization of pheasants (Reynnells, 1979) and chickens (Parker, 1949;Sturkie and Opel, 1976). It appears that the response obtained for percent fertility was not dose related, but was due to the effect of the ahemeral L:D cycles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Ahemeral Light-Dark Cycles and Egg Production Parameters of Ring-Necked Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus)

et al. 1987

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The effects of two ahemeral light-dark (L:D) cycles on ring-necked pheasant egg production were investigated in this experiment. Three groups of 36 female and 12 male 10-month-old birds were exposed to control 24-hr (14L:10D), ahemeral 22-hr (14L:8D), or ahemeral 26-hr (14L:12D) L:D cycle. Average percent hen-day egg production (HDEP) was 63.8 for hens exposed to ahemeral 26-hr L:D cycle compared with 55.6% HDEP for the controls. Although this was not significant (P less than .05). It suggests a trend for pheasants exposed to ahemeral L:D cycles to improve egg production. Ahemeral L:D cycles did not significantly (P greater than .05) affect egg mass, shell-less eggs, cracked eggs, egg hatchability, and embryonic mortality. Shell quality, measured by specific gravity and shell thickness, was significantly (P less than or equal to .05) reduced for eggs obtained from hens exposed to ahemeral 22-hr L:D cycle. Fertility of eggs from hens kept under ahemeral 26-hr L:D cycle was significantly (P less than or equal to .05) improved compared with fertility of eggs from controls (89.3 vs. 78.4). Results of this research suggest that long ahemeral L:D cycles do play a role in the improvement of pheasant egg production and egg fertility.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Ahemeral Light-Dark Cycles and Egg Production Parameters of Ring-Necked Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus)

et al. 1987

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“…The testes weight in broiler breeders constitutes about 1% of the total BW, with values ranging from 9 to 30 g per testis at sexual maturity, depending on the breed (Sturkie and Opel, 1976). The breeds tested exhibited a lower testes weight and % of the total BW (0.5% in ER and 0.1% in RL and RM) than broiler strains; this observation is in agreement with data reported by Oke and Ihemenson (2010) in a study on Nigerian local cocks and by Baeza et al (2009) in Geline de Touraine genotype chickens reared outdoor.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular Growth and Comb and Wattles Development in Three Italian Chicken Genotypes Reared Under Free-Range Conditions

Rizzi

Verdiglione

2015

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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Male chickens belonging to three Italian purebreds -Ermellinata di Rovigo (ER), Robusta lionata (RL) and Robusta maculata (RM) -were studied. All the birds were reared under the same rearing conditions (from May until autumn). Chickens were reared under infra-red lamps from birth until 4 weeks of age with a 24L:0D photoperiod. Then they were kept outdoor: the photoperiod changed according to the season (from 16L:8D to 12L:12D). At 138 and 168 days of age 20 birds/breed were weighed and then slaughtered. Testicular samples were collected, after evisceration, processed and embedded in paraffine wax. Sections were stained for morphological observations, observed with light microscope, and then classified according to the testis maturation stage. Ermellinata di Rovigo chickens showed the lowest (P<0.01) body weight and the highest (P<0.01) testes weight; testes maturity was higher (P<0.01) in ER than in RL, whereas RM was intermediate. For each genotype testes weight and testes maturity did not significantly differ with aging. Correlations between testes weight and body, comb, and wattles weight, according to the breed, were calculated at 168 days of age. For ER no significant correlation was found, whereas RL showed a significant (P<0.01) positive relationship between testes weight and body weight, and sexual secondary characters. Robusta maculata showed a significant correlation between testes weight and comb (P<0.01) and wattles weight (P<0.10). Our results suggest that under the studied environmental conditions ER showed the highest testes development according to its more precocious achievement of adult body weight, whereas RL was the least precocious purebred.

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“…Carroll and Noble (1957) have shown that a diet supplemented with erucic acid produced a progressive reduction in spermatogenesis in male rats. Sturkie and Opel (1976) state that spermatids begin to appear in the seminiferous tubules of young cockerels at about 12 weeks of age and are usually present in all tubules by the 20th week. The feeding of rapeseed oil may have had some very slight influence on the development of spermatids in this experiment, but a longer term experiment is required to provide a definite answer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological Changes Associated with the Feeding of Soybean Oil or Oil Extracted from Different Rapeseed Cultivars to Single Comb White Leghorn Cockerels

Corner¹,

Hulan

Nash

et al. 1985

Poultry Science

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A total of 384 Single Comb White Leghorn cockerels of the Hyline strain were fed either a basal (control) diet containing no added oil or a diet supplemented with 20% by weight of soybean oil, rapeseed oil from cultivars Tower, Candle, a mixture of Echo and Arlo high erucic acid rapeseed (HEAR), or R-500. Levels of erucic acid (22:1) in the rapeseed diets varied from .03 to 10.31%. Three birds from each unit were killed at 28, 56, 84, and 112 days and a wide range of tissues were examined histologically. A number of birds in all dietary groups had healed lesions of avian encephalomalacia. Two cockerels fed HEAR oil and 12 fed R-500 developed marked ascites, firm shrunken livers, hydropericardium, and cachectic muscular atrophy. Marked periacinar necrosis was present in birds dying with ascites. A significantly higher number of birds fed the rapeseed oils developed hepatic sinusoidal distention than birds fed the basal or soybean oil diets. Degenerative myocardial changes were seen only in R-500 and HEAR oil-fed birds. This, coupled with hepatic changes, producing shrunken firm livers, led to development of ascites, cachectic muscular atrophy, and periacinar hepatic necrosis. These changes were probably produced by the high erucic acid content of the HEAR and R-500 oils and the resultant grossly imbalanced diet.

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Reproduction in the Male, Fertilization, and Early Embryonic Development

Cited by 13 publications

References 107 publications

Ahemeral Light-Dark Cycles and Egg Production Parameters of Ring-Necked Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus)

Ahemeral Light-Dark Cycles and Egg Production Parameters of Ring-Necked Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus)

Testicular Growth and Comb and Wattles Development in Three Italian Chicken Genotypes Reared Under Free-Range Conditions

Pathological Changes Associated with the Feeding of Soybean Oil or Oil Extracted from Different Rapeseed Cultivars to Single Comb White Leghorn Cockerels

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