A B S T R A C TBroiler chickens were fed diets supplemented with redfish meal at levels of 4,8 and 12 %. A control group was f e d with an all-vegetable protein diet. After 42 days the birds were slaughtered and edible tissues (white, dark and skin) were analysed for lipid content and composition. The white and dark meats were tasted organoleptically for the possible presence of '$shy' off-J2avours. There was no change in the content or class composition of the lipids with diet or sex of the bird, but in meats an increase in fish meal in the diet caused an increase in the level of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids present, especially 20:5n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid, 22:5n-3 docosapentaenoic acid and 22:6n-3 docosahexaenoic acid at the expense of n-6 fatty acids. T h e enrichment was most pronounced in white meat of both male and female birds and could make a contribution of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty ucids to the human diet quantitatively similar to that of an equal portion of lean white fish. Taste panel results showed that there was no signfmnt diyerence in flavour or taste among any of the samples. There was a tendency for the 12 % dietary group
1988. Omega-3 fatty acid levels and performance of broiler chickens fed redfish meal or redfish oil. Can (Bang and Dyerberg 1980;Dyerberg 1982 Dyerberg , 1986 (1985), Herold and Kinsella (1986) and Norum and Drevon (1986) have shown that polyunsaturated fish oils are very effective in lowering serum triglyceride levels and can also lower serum cholesterol levels. Furthermore, Dyerberg (1982,1986, Herold and Kinsella (1986), Norum and Drevon (1986) have demonstrated that diets containins fish oils have an inhibitory effect on blood clotting and this reduces the risk of thrombosis, often a major factor in heart attacks and strokes.
A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON on the performance of broilers and on the electro-physiological parameters of the gut. The control group was fed the starter and finisher diets without addition of DON. Another group of broilers was fed the starter and finisher diets with 10 mg/kg DON, whereas another group was fed the DON-contaminated diets supplemented with a microbial feed additive (Eubacterium sp.). The diets were provided ad libitum for 6 wk. DON had no effect (P > 0.05) on feed consumption, feed conversion, or body weight. The effect of DON on the electrophysiological parameters of the jejunum was studied in vitro using isolated gut mucosa in Ussing chambers. At the end of the feeding period, 7 birds from each group were killed, and the basal and glucose stimulated transmural potential difference (PD), short-circuit current (Isc), and electrical resistance (R) were measured in the isolated gut mucosa to characterize the electrical properties of the gut. The transmural PD did not differ (P > 0.05) among groups. The tissue resistance was greater (P < 0.05) in birds receiving DON and the microbial feed additive than in the controls and DON group. Addition of D-glucose on the luminal side of the isolated mucosa increased (P < 0.05) Isc in the control and DON-probiotic (Eubacterium sp.; PB) groups, whereas it decreased (P < 0.05) in the DON group indicating that the glucose-induced Isc was altered by DON. Addition of the eubacteria to the DON contaminated feed of the broilers led to electrophysiological properties in the gut that were comparable with those of the control group. It could be concluded that 10 mg/kg DON in the diet impaired the Na(+)-D-glucose cotransport in the jejunum of broilers. In the absence of clinical signs, and without impaired performance, DON appeared to alter the gut function of broilers. The addition of Eubacterium sp. may be useful in counteracting the toxic effects of DON on intestinal glucose transport.
Seventy-two 26-wk-old Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens were randomly assigned to 36 cages (2 per cage) in a 3-orthogonal 4 x 4 latin square, with the fourth row suppressed, to assess the effect of feeding refined seal blubber oil (SBO, containing 22.2% omega-3 fatty acids) on the fatty acid composition and position in the egg yolk lipids. The experiment was conducted over a period of 9 wk. Eggs were collected and numbered, and the weights were recorded for each week and cage. Eggs collected at wk 5 and 9 were used for total lipid, lipid class, fatty acid, and positional analyses. Sensory evaluation was carried out on eggs collected at wk 6 and 7. Feeding SBO at 1.25% led to an increase (P < 0.0001) in the long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn3PUFA) and a concomitant decrease (P < 0.0001) in arachidonic acid (ARA) in the egg yolk lipids. Yet this amount of SBO in the diet had no effect (P > 0.1) on the sensory attributes of the egg and on production parameters such as egg weight, number of eggs laid, and feed intake (P > 0.05). When feeding SBO in amounts higher than 1.25% proportionately, a plateau effect of the LCn3PUFA content of the eggs was observed. This appears to be because the PUFA content in the sn-2 position of the phospholipids cannot exceed a certain amount. When this amount is reached, the LCn3PUFA will be increasingly stored in triglycerides. The results presented here clearly indicate how eggs can be produced with optimized composition of LCn3PUFA without affecting (P > 0.1) the sensory properties of the eggs. The procedures elaborated herein provide directly applicable consequences for the food industry.
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