Reproduction and Early Postnatal Growth of Progeny in Swine Fed a Protein-free Diet during Gestation

Pond, Wilson G.; Wagner, Waldemar; Dunn, J. A.; Walker, E. F.

doi:10.1093/jn/94.3.309

Cited by 51 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This finding was also noted by other investigators in studies with the rhesus monkey, swine and the rat (Berg 1967;Kohrs et al, 1976;Pond et al 1968). However, a restriction of dietary protein does not always have the effect of decreasing total food intake (Zamenhof et al 1971).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Growth and development of the fetus depends on a steady supply of nutrients from the mother, and thus the reduction of protein during pregnancy might be harmful to the developing organism. Experimental data from both human (Burke et al 1943;Lec~tig et al 1975) and animal studies (Kohrs et al 1976;Pond et al 1968;Zeman and Stanbrough 1969) indicate that there is a positive relationship between maternal protein malnutrition during pregnancy and subsequent adverse effects on fetal growth and development.…”

Section: ! Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The combined effect of ultrasonic exposure and protein restriction on maternal and fetal mice

Kim

Picciano

O’Brien

1983

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract--This investigation was undertaken to assess the combined effects of protein restriction and ultrasonic energy exposure during pregnancy on the maternal and fetal mouse. Pregnant female mice were fed diets containing either 18% casein (control diet) or 6% casein (restricted protein diet) during gestation. All animals were subjected to the ultrasonic exposure procedure (actual: 2.5 W/cm 2 spatial peak; sham: 0 W/cm2; continuous wave for 20 sec at a frequency of l MHz) on day 8 of gestation. On day 18 of gestation, the animals were sacrificed. Products of conception were examined, and chemical analysis were performed on maternal liver, placenta and fetus.Our results suggest that there are possible influences of ultrasonic energy exposure to the mouse fetus and placenta, as indicated by the tendency toward decreases of fetal weight, placental weight, and DNA and RNA contents of both fetus and placenta, especially with restricted protein in the maternal diet during gestation.Protein restriction during pregnancy had an adverse influence on both the maternal organism and her products of conception. The nutritional needs for the fetus were not met at the expense of the maternal organism. Parameters of fetal cellular growth were reduced by gestational protein restriction indicating that there is competition for available nutrients between the fetus under time of stress. Results also show that the trends of fetal and placental growth are in the same general direction suggesting the possible usefulness of human placental tissue as a maker for fetal growth in subsequent population studies.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: ! Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The combined effect of ultrasonic exposure and protein restriction on maternal and fetal mice

Kim

Picciano

O’Brien

1983

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many investigators (Baker et al, 1970a,b;Hesby et al, 1970Hesby et al, , 1972Hawton and Meade, 1971) have demonstrated satisfactory gestation in swine fed a fortified corn diet. Likewise, the effect of gestation diets almost devoid of protein (Pond et al, 1968(Pond et al, , 1969DeGeeter et al, 1972;Shields et al, 1980) have had only small effects on gestation performance. It is evident that the dam can utilize tissue resources of amino acids for the developing fetus (Shields et al, 1985).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Level of Protein and Supplemental Choline on Reproductive Performance of Gilts Fed Sorghum Diets

Maxwell

Johnson

Luce

1987

Journal of Animal Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A total of 214 gilts was used (two trials) to determine the effect of protein level and choline supplementation during gestation on weight gain, conception rate and subsequent reproductive performance. The gihs were fed either a 12 or 16% crude protein sorghum-soybean meal diet containing either a high supplemental choline level or no supplemental choline in a 2 • 2 factorial arrangement of treatments Conception rate was not influenced by either protein or choline level. Choline ~pplementation increased pig weight at 42 d of age (P<.14) and litter weight at 21 (P<.12) and 42 d (P<.I). Gilts fed the 16% protein diet produced larger pigs at 42 d (P<.13) and heavier litters at birth, (P<.l) 21 d (P<.14) and 42 d (P<.05) than gilts fed the 12% protein diet. A larger choline effect on litter size and pig and litter weight was observed for gihs fed the 12% protein diet than for those fed the 16% gestation diet, although the protein-choline interaction was not significant for any traits measured. The incidence of spraddle leg condition was low and was not affected by level of dietary protein or ~applemental choline.

show abstract

“…This is unlikely because no differences in mammary DNA concentration were observed in sows fed 104 to 330 g CP d -1 , or 4 to 17 g lysine d -1 (Weldon et al 1991;Kusina et al 1999a;). In fact, it appears that it is only possible to reduce sow mammary gland development during gestation by feeding almost no protein during gestation (~9 g CP d -1 ; Pond et al 1968). Thus, the improvement in progeny growth is unlikely to be due to improved mammary gland development during gestation.…”

Section: Nutrition Of the Gilt During Gestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, when protein restriction during gestation is severe [~9 g crude protein (CP) d -1 ], birth weight is also reduced (Pond et al 1968(Pond et al , 1992Schoknecht et al 1993). It has been hypothesized, assuming an adequate protein supply during lactation, that the delayed effect of restricted gestational protein intake on litter growth is mediated through (1) a reduction in milk yield resulting from inadequate protein reserves to allow maximum production of milk and/or from limited development of the mammary tissue during gestation and/or (2) damage to the fetuses in utero, thus impairing postnatal growth.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational and lactational feeding strategies for gilts: Growth, carcass characteristics and meat quality of the progeny

Fortin¹,

Clowes²,

Schaefer³

2003

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

. 2003. Gestational and lactational feeding strategies for gilts: Growth, carcass characteristics and meat quality of the progeny. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 83: 205-211. This study was conducted to determine whether feeding gilts (1) at or above their National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council (NAS-NRC 1998) requirements during gestation, and (2) to lose a moderate (~10%) or large (~17%) amount of maternal protein during lactation had a residual effect on their progeny's growth, carcass characteristics and pork quality at market weight. From each litter, the heaviest and lightest barrows and gilts were selected. The progeny of gilts fed above their requirements during gestation, and those that lost the least body protein during lactation were heavier at weaning; +0.3 kg (P < 0.05) and +0.5 kg (P ≤ 0.01), respectively. However, these liveweight differences, which were associated with the gestation and lactation effects, were no longer evident (P > 0.05) at day 35 or 85 post-weaning. But at slaughter, these animals had thinner (P < 0.01) fat thickness and higher (P < 0.05) predicted salable meat yield. Independently of the gestation and lactation treatments, and compared to the low-weaning-weight pigs, the high-weaning-weight pigs maintained their weight advantage (P < 0.01 at day 35 (+ 2.8 kg) and day 85 (+ 5.4 kg) post-weaning), took 4.5 fewer days (P < 0.01) to reach market weight, but had similar (P > 0.05) carcass characteristics and pork quality. Council (NAR-NRC 1998) pendant la gestation ou (2) conçu pour entraîner une diminution moyenne (~ 10 %) ou importante (~ 17 %) des protéines maternelles pendant la lactation avait un effet résiduel sur la croissance, les paramètres de la carcasse et la qualité de la viande des rejetons des truies nullipares, une fois atteint le poids de marché. Les auteurs ont sélectionné les truies nullipares et les castrats les plus lourds et les plus légers de chaque portée. Les rejetons des truies qui ont reçu plus que l'apport recommandé pendant la gestation et de celles qui avaient perdu le moins de protéines à la lactation étaient plus lourds au sevrage, soit avaient 0,3 kg (P < 0,05) ou 0,5 kg de plus (P ≤ 0,01), respectivement. L'écart de poids vif associé aux effets de la gestation et de la lactation avait néanmoins disparu (P > 0,05) 35 ou 85 jours après le sevrage. À l'abattage, les mêmes animaux présentaient cependant un gras dorsal plus mince (P < 0,01) et un rendement prévu en viande de salaison plus élevé (P <0,05). Comparativement aux sujets légers, les porcs plus lourds au sevrage gardaient encore leur avantage (P < 0,01) 35 jours (+2,8 kg) et 85 jours (+5,4 kg) après le sevrage, peu importe le traitement à la gestation et à la lactation. Il leur fallait aussi 4,5 jours de moins (P < 0,01) pour atteindre le poids de marché, mais les paramètres de la carcasses étaient similaires (P > 0,05), à l'instar de la qualité de la viande.

show abstract

Reproduction and Early Postnatal Growth of Progeny in Swine Fed a Protein-free Diet during Gestation

Cited by 51 publications

References 12 publications

The combined effect of ultrasonic exposure and protein restriction on maternal and fetal mice

The combined effect of ultrasonic exposure and protein restriction on maternal and fetal mice

Effect of Level of Protein and Supplemental Choline on Reproductive Performance of Gilts Fed Sorghum Diets

Gestational and lactational feeding strategies for gilts: Growth, carcass characteristics and meat quality of the progeny

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About