Reproducible Fog Simulation for Testing Automotive Surround Sensors

Weather Influence and Classification with Automotive Lidar Sensors

“…Therefore we have used real objects to ensure a correct reflection behavior for the backscattered light. The results of the test setup shows that in general radar sensors are robust against fog compared to lidar and camera sensors which are strongly affected by fog [7]. As there is no quantification of the fog density (e.g.…”

“…Within each layer a reflection, transmission and absorption could occur. This approach considers multiple reflections and is verified with a developed fog and rain simulator [7], [8]. The developed system provides a maximum length of 4 m and a overall distance between sensor and target of 10 m. The influence of rain or fog is evaluated on a standardized Euro NCAP Vehicle Target (EVT) [17], which is optimized to represent a vehicle for visual camera sensors and not for lidar sensors.…”

Testing and Validation of Automotive Point-Cloud Sensors in Adverse Weather Conditions

“…Indoor fog chambers are used both for experimentally investigating the performance of sensors [6][7][8][9][10][11] and for validating the developed models against real conditions [1,3]. Many have built their own chamber to mimic fog or rain and some have used the state-of-the-art fog chamber of CEREMA.…”

“…Tests performed in fog chambers are always static, and neither the sensors nor the targets were moving at all. The targets used are usually "natural" targets, i.e., vehicles, mannequin puppets, but calibrated targets were occasionally used [6][7][8].…”

“…Hasirlioglu et al [8] continued their work by creating a fog simulator. Its principle is similar to their rain simulator as it consists of individually controlled fog layers.…”