Reproducible and persistent weakness in adult rats after surgical resection of motor cortex: evaluation with limb placement test

Lee, Do-Hun; Hong, Seok Ho; Kim, Seung-Ki; Lee, Chang-Sub; Cho, Byung-Kyu; Wang, Kyu-Chang

doi:10.1007/s00381-009-0973-9

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In this study, we used a corticectomized rat, with ablation of the motor cortex as a proper brain injury model [29]. Ablation models of the motor cortex have been applied to investigate brain plasticity and drug treatments for motor deficits induced by motor cortex injury [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ablation models of the motor cortex have been applied to investigate brain plasticity and drug treatments for motor deficits induced by motor cortex injury [30]. The symptoms of the motor-cortex-resected corticectomy includes decreased consciousness, limb weakness, paralysis, seizures, and involuntary movement [29], [31], [32], indicating that the motor cortex is important for muscular and behavioral control. Physically, motor-cortex-ablated rats can be considered an ideal TBI model, since it allows easy implantation of solid-type scaffolds into the damaged brain cavity, and it provides a clearly abnormal behavioral pattern with minimal variation across individual animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging for Prolonged Survival of Transplanted Human Neural Stem Cells Using 3D Biocompatible Scaffold in Corticectomized Rat Model

et al. 2014

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Stem cell-based treatment of traumatic brain injury has been limited in its capacity to bring about complete functional recovery, because of the poor survival rate of the implanted stem cells. It is known that biocompatible biomaterials play a critical role in enhancing survival and proliferation of transplanted stem cells via provision of mechanical support. In this study, we noninvasively monitored in vivo behavior of implanted neural stem cells embedded within poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) scaffold, and showed that they survived over prolonged periods in corticectomized rat model. Corticectomized rat models were established by motor-cortex ablation of the rat. F3 cells expressing enhanced firefly luciferase (F3-effLuc) were established through retroviral infection. The F3-effLuc within PLLA was monitored using IVIS-100 imaging system 7 days after corticectomized surgery. F3-effLuc within PLLA robustly adhered, and gradually increased luciferase signals of F3-effLuc within PLLA were detected in a day dependent manner. The implantation of F3-effLuc cells/PLLA complex into corticectomized rats showed longer-lasting luciferase activity than F3-effLuc cells alone. The bioluminescence signals from the PLLA-encapsulated cells were maintained for 14 days, compared with 8 days for the non-encapsulated cells. Immunostaining results revealed expression of the early neuronal marker, Tuj-1, in PLLA-F3-effLuc cells in the motor-cortex-ablated area. We observed noninvasively that the mechanical support by PLLA scaffold increased the survival of implanted neural stem cells in the corticectomized rat. The image-guided approach easily proved that scaffolds could provide supportive effect to implanted cells, increasing their viability in terms of enhancing therapeutic efficacy of stem-cell therapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging for Prolonged Survival of Transplanted Human Neural Stem Cells Using 3D Biocompatible Scaffold in Corticectomized Rat Model

et al. 2014

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“…A limb placement test was used to assess the sensory capabilities of the rats [ 19 ], including (a) proprioception, (b) whisker tactile, and (c) visual forward. The tasks were scored in the following manner: ‘proprioception’ was defined as stepping up with the forelimb and hindlimb onto the table after pulling down the forelimb and hindlimb below the level of the table; ‘whisker tactile’, as the stretch of the forelimb after a stimulus was applied to the rat’s whiskers while an examiner held the rat’s trunk; ‘visual forward’, as forelimb flexion while the rat’s tail was held up.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Alteration of Brain Interstitial Fluid Drainage with Myelination Development

Wang¹,

Han²,

Shi³

et al. 2021

Aging and disease

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The integrity of myelination is crucial for maintaining brain interstitial fluid (ISF) drainage in adults; however, the mechanism of ISF drainage with immature myelin in the developing brain remains unknown. In the present study, the ISF drainage from the caudate nucleus (Cn) to the ipsilateral cortex was studied at different developmental stages of the rat brain (P 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 10-80). The results show that the traced ISF drained to the cortex from Cn and to the thalamus in an opposite direction before P30. From P40, we found impeded drainage to the thalamus due to myelin maturation. This altered drainage was accompanied by enhanced cognitive and social functions, which were consistent with those in the adult rats. A significant difference in diffusion parameters was also demonstrated between the extracellular space (ECS) before and after P30. The present study revealed the alteration of ISF drainage regulated by myelin at different stages during development, indicating that a regional ISF homeostasis may be essential for mature psychological and cognitive functions.

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“…After shaving and head skin disinfection, a midline incision was made to expose the skull from bregma to lambda and a 5-mm craniotomy (−0.5~4.5 mm anterior posterior, 0~5 mm mediolateral) was performed. Next, we resected the underlying left motor cortex using a surgical blade by a depth of 4 mm from the cortex surface in all rats in group A (TBI_Control) and C (TBI_Control) as previously described 24 25 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Contralesional Motor Control Promotes Locomotor Recovery after Unilateral Brain Lesion

Hua

Qiu

Wang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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There have been controversies on the contribution of contralesional hemispheric compensation to functional recovery of the upper extremity after a unilateral brain lesion. Some studies have demonstrated that contralesional hemispheric compensation may be an important recovery mechanism. However, in many cases where the hemispheric lesion is large, this form of compensation is relatively limited, potentially due to insufficient connections from the contralesional hemisphere to the paralyzed side. Here, we used a new procedure to increase the effect of contralesional hemispheric compensation by surgically crossing a peripheral nerve at the neck in rats, which may provide a substantial increase in connections between the contralesional hemisphere and the paralyzed limb. This surgical procedure, named cross-neck C7-C7 nerve transfer, involves cutting the C7 nerve on the healthy side and transferring it to the C7 nerve on the paretic side. Intracortical microstimulation, Micro-PET and histological analysis were employed to explore the cortical changes in contralesional hemisphere and to reveal its correlation with behavioral recovery. These results showed that the contralesional hemispheric compensation was markedly strengthened and significantly related to behavioral improvements. The findings also revealed a feasible and effective way to maximize the potential of one hemisphere in controlling both limbs.

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Reproducible and persistent weakness in adult rats after surgical resection of motor cortex: evaluation with limb placement test

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging for Prolonged Survival of Transplanted Human Neural Stem Cells Using 3D Biocompatible Scaffold in Corticectomized Rat Model

In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging for Prolonged Survival of Transplanted Human Neural Stem Cells Using 3D Biocompatible Scaffold in Corticectomized Rat Model

The Alteration of Brain Interstitial Fluid Drainage with Myelination Development

Enhancement of Contralesional Motor Control Promotes Locomotor Recovery after Unilateral Brain Lesion

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