Enhancement of Contralesional Motor Control Promotes Locomotor Recovery after Unilateral Brain Lesion

Hua, Xu‐Yun; Qiu, Yan Qun; Wang, Meng; Zheng, Mou Xiong; Li, Tie; Shen, Yichen; Su, Jian; Xu, Jian; Gu, Yu; Tsien, Joe Z.; Xu, Weijie

doi:10.1038/srep18784

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Second, this local L2/3 randomness of synaptic connectivity can be useful for not only rewiring synaptic connections by experience-dependent plasticity during development, but also during rehabilitation (Sur et al, 1988; Recanzone et al, 1993; Rothschild and Mizrahi, 2015; Hua et al, 2016). Independent of the intrinsic changes of molecular and cellular composition of neurons and circuits (Monyer et al, 1994; Sheng et al, 1994), this L2/3 randomness principle provides another explanation as to why such a re-wiring process is difficult and slow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Computation Is Organized via Power-of-Two-Based Permutation Logic

Xie

Fox

Liu

et al. 2016

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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There is considerable scientific interest in understanding how cell assemblies—the long-presumed computational motif—are organized so that the brain can generate intelligent cognition and flexible behavior. The Theory of Connectivity proposes that the origin of intelligence is rooted in a power-of-two-based permutation logic (N = 2i–1), producing specific-to-general cell-assembly architecture capable of generating specific perceptions and memories, as well as generalized knowledge and flexible actions. We show that this power-of-two-based permutation logic is widely used in cortical and subcortical circuits across animal species and is conserved for the processing of a variety of cognitive modalities including appetitive, emotional and social information. However, modulatory neurons, such as dopaminergic (DA) neurons, use a simpler logic despite their distinct subtypes. Interestingly, this specific-to-general permutation logic remained largely intact although NMDA receptors—the synaptic switch for learning and memory—were deleted throughout adulthood, suggesting that the logic is developmentally pre-configured. Moreover, this computational logic is implemented in the cortex via combining a random-connectivity strategy in superficial layers 2/3 with nonrandom organizations in deep layers 5/6. This randomness of layers 2/3 cliques—which preferentially encode specific and low-combinatorial features and project inter-cortically—is ideal for maximizing cross-modality novel pattern-extraction, pattern-discrimination and pattern-categorization using sparse code, consequently explaining why it requires hippocampal offline-consolidation. In contrast, the nonrandomness in layers 5/6—which consists of few specific cliques but a higher portion of more general cliques projecting mostly to subcortical systems—is ideal for feedback-control of motivation, emotion, consciousness and behaviors. These observations suggest that the brain’s basic computational algorithm is indeed organized by the power-of-two-based permutation logic. This simple mathematical logic can account for brain computation across the entire evolutionary spectrum, ranging from the simplest neural networks to the most complex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Computation Is Organized via Power-of-Two-Based Permutation Logic

Xie

Fox

Liu

et al. 2016

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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“…There had been wide discussion on the role of contralesional hemispheric compensation in the functional rehabilitation of the paralyzed UL. The ipsilesional pathway had great potential for controlling both hands using the contralesional hemisphere, which could account for 10-20% of all corticospinal projections (Riecker et al, 2010;Hua et al, 2016). Therefore, enhanced contralesional hemisphere activation might successfully compensate for motor control for patients after stroke.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of robot-assisted task-oriented upper limb motor training on neuroplasticity in stroke patients with different degrees of motor dysfunction: A neuroimaging motor evaluation index

Xie

Huang

et al. 2022

Front. Neurosci.

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Introduction: Although robot-assisted task-oriented upper limb (UL) motor training had been shown to be e ective for UL functional rehabilitation after stroke, it did not improve UL motor function more than conventional therapy. Due to the lack of evaluation of neurological indicators, it was di cult to confirm the robot treatment parameters and clinical e cacy in a timely manner. This study aimed to explore the changes in neuroplasticity induced by robot-assisted task-oriented UL motor training in di erent degrees of dysfunction patients and extract neurological evaluation indicators to provide the robot with additional parameter information.Materials and methods: A total of adult patients with hemiplegic motor impairment after stroke were recruited as participants in this study, and a manual muscle test divided patients into muscle strength -level (severe group, n = ), -level (moderate group, n = ), and or above level (mild group, n = ). Tissue concentration of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin oscillations in the bilateral prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), superior frontal cortex (SFC), premotor cortex, primary motor cortex (M ), primary somatosensory cortex (S ), and occipital cortex were measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in resting and motor training state. The phase information of a .− . Hz signal was identified by the wavelet transform method. The wavelet amplitude, lateralization index, and wavelet phase coherence (WPCO) were calculated to describe the frequency-specific cortical changes. Results: Compared with the resting state, significant increased cortical activation was observed in ipsilesional SFC in the mild group and bilateral SFC in the moderate group during UL motor training. Patients in the mild Frontiers in Neuroscience frontiersin.org Xie et al. . /fnins. . group demonstrated significantly decreased lateralization of activation in motor training than resting state. Moreover, the WPCO value of motor training between contralesional DLPFC and ipsilesional SFC, bilateral SFC, contralesional, S , and ipsilesional M showed a significant decrease compared with the resting state in the mild group. Conclusion: Robot-assisted task-oriented UL motor training could modify the neuroplasticity of SFC and contribute to control movements and continuous learning motor regularity for patients. fNIRS could provide a variety of real-time sensitive neural evaluation indicators for the robot, which was beneficial to formulating more reasonable and e ective personalized prescriptions during motor training.

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“…Most studies have reported using a subcutaneous approach and sural or ulnar nerve graft anastomosis to transfer the contralateral C7 nerve root 14 , 15 . However, nerve regeneration by such methods requires six months, which can hinder the motor recovery process and even potentially influence brain plasticity 14 . In previous studies, contralateral C7 transfer was performed in rats, and the bilateral C7 nerve was used via 4 strands of the interpositional autografted sural nerve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mouse Model of Direct Anastomosis via the Prespinal Route for Crossing Nerve Transfer Surgery

Gao

Lei

Pang

et al. 2021

JoVE

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Crossing nerve transfer surgery has been a powerful approach for repairing injured upper extremities in patients with brachial plexus avulsion injuries. Recently, this surgery was creatively applied in the clinical treatment of brain injury and achieved substantial rehabilitation of the paralyzed arm. This functional recovery after the surgery suggests that peripheral sensorimotor intervention induces profound neuroplasticity to compensate for the loss of function after brain damage; however, the underlying neural mechanism is poorly understood. Therefore, an emergent clinical animal model is required. Here, we simulated clinical surgery to establish a protocol of direct anastomosis of bilateral brachial plexus nerves via the prespinal route in mice.Neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, and behavioral experiments helped identify that the transferred nerves of these mice successfully reinnervated the impaired forelimb and contributed to accelerating motor recovery after brain injury. Therefore, the mouse model revealed the neural mechanisms underlying rehabilitation upon crossing nerve transfer after central and peripheral nervous system injuries. ProtocolAll the animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Care of Experimental Animals Committee of Fudan University and the Chinese Academy of Science in conformity with the National Institute of Health guidelines. Eight-week-old adult male C57BL/6N mice were used. Preoperative setup1. Ensure an appropriate stock of autoclaved sterilized surgical instruments, analgesic medications, and anesthetic medication. Lay out all instruments and materials in advance and spray them with 75% ethanol. 2. To prevent the aspiration of regurgitated gastric contents, ensure that the mice are fasted for 8 h before the surgery but provide free access to water.3. Ensure adequate working space on an operating table for at least two individuals (the surgeon and an assistant).

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Enhancement of Contralesional Motor Control Promotes Locomotor Recovery after Unilateral Brain Lesion

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Brain Computation Is Organized via Power-of-Two-Based Permutation Logic

Brain Computation Is Organized via Power-of-Two-Based Permutation Logic

Effects of robot-assisted task-oriented upper limb motor training on neuroplasticity in stroke patients with different degrees of motor dysfunction: A neuroimaging motor evaluation index

A Mouse Model of Direct Anastomosis via the Prespinal Route for Crossing Nerve Transfer Surgery

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