Reprodução medicamente assistida: questões bioéticas

Abstract

Este artigo debruça-se sobre os avanços tecnológicos na reprodução medicamente assistida, investigando que questões bioéticas se colocam quanto a essa questão. Aprofunda os vários posicionamentos sobre situações éticas e jurídicas que este campo de investigação científica levanta, naquilo que parece consensual: o direito à paternalidade. Focaliza a legislação dos países da Comunidade Europeia, na qual se inclui a portuguesa. As conclusões mais significativas são: há, geralmente, legislação comum nos vários países quanto à RMA, existindo, contudo, diferenças em face de algumas questões. A situação mais consensual refere-se à reprodução medicamente assistida até os 14 dias de fecundação. A argumentação bioética quanto às questões levantadas pela RMA alicerça-se, sobretudo, no princípio de autonomia (dos pais), em detrimento de outros princípios, como o da não maleficência e o da dignidade humana.

Nursing work in assisted human reproduction: between technology and humanization

“…Another concern relates to the involvement of AHR care with the private health care system that is imposed by profitable marketing rules, running the risk that the ethical issues of assisted procreation are left in the background. In addressing ethical concerns, they perceive the frailties to which the couple/ individual is subject in the complex and implicit relationships between desires, dreams, and the financial market (20) . The lack of inspection of AHR services leads to a market situation that does not contemplate the ethical issues inherent to human reproduction, a fact that generates negative representations about this type of reproduction in society, lasting in the social memory.…”

The search for the principle of justice for infertile couples: characterization of the brazilian population and bioethical discussion

“…It is important to admit that infertility and its treatments are the focus of ethical questions about the implications of its use and its accessibility, involving individual, social, political, legal, economic, religious, and gender issues, thus bringing important debates within the scope of bioethics. In other words, a very important ethical issue is envisaged: the clarification of reproductive rights in a fair and egalitarian way [ 10 ]. Therefore, while on one hand it is the responsibility of the State, as a representation of society, to provide and promote health and the well-being of the population, on the other there are many ethical discussions regarding what are the limits of this responsibility, especially considering the financial burden of treatments (both to individuals and to the State), limited resources that lead to election of priorities, novel familiar organizations, and even quality of life of the children and families in vulnerable populations [ 11 ].…”

Shared Oocyte Donation: Ideas and Expectations in a Bioethical Context Based on a Qualitative Survey of Brazilian Women

“…3 The technological advances in reproductive medicine, particularly in vitro fertilization (IVF), with the manipulation, production, and freezing of embryos and experimentation with embryos, refers to the ethical, legal, and ontological statute of human life since its inception and development. 4 Therefore, bioethics is linked to assisted reproduction, embryo genetic studies, cloning, embryonic stem cell research, organ donation, human participation in experimentation, gene therapy, gene sequencing, and end-of-life issues. 5 These questions are based on the principles of bioethics related to principlism.…”

“…However, infertility raises issues regarding individual and family wellbeing and the social insertion of couples, 9 and ARTs are an alternative method to achieve procreation. 4 From the list of problems associated with infertility, ovulatory factors comprise the main female cause. 10 Today, because of work overload, eating habits, and lifestyle choices, a significant percentage of women are beginning menopause at an early Métodos Este estudo qualitativo utilizou a metodologia do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo para entrevistar doadoras e receptoras no Brasil.…”

“…The bioethical view is indispensable to examine situations, postures, and procedures when considering how to avoid injustice and inequality. 4 A recent systematic review about the motivations and experiences of oocyte donors, recipients, and egg sharers demonstrated that the attitudes and feelings of patients involved on all sides of the donation process were extremely positive. Moreover, the motivations for the donors were the wish to help another couple have a child and to obtain a cheaper treatment, which are equally important.…”