Repression of potential nitrification activities by matgrass sward species

Smits, Nicole C.; Bobbink, Roland; Laanbroek, Hendrikus J.; Paalman, Aline J.; Hefting, Mariet M.

doi:10.1007/s11104-010-0539-3

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…These research methodologies have facilitated the evaluation and characterization of BNI-function in plants [55]. Soil-based assays to determine changes in nitrification potential in the rhizosphere [56] and analysis of nitrifier populations can further complement these efforts to characterize BNI function [49,57].…”

Section: The Bni Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of soil nitrification by plants

et al. 2015

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Nitrification, the biological oxidation of ammonium to nitrate, weakens the soil's ability to retain N and facilitates N-losses from production agriculture through nitrate-leaching and denitrification. This process has a profound influence on what form of mineral-N is absorbed, used by plants, and retained in the soil, or lost to the environment, which in turn affects N-cycling, N-use efficiency (NUE) and ecosystem health and services. As reactive-N is often the most limiting in natural ecosystems, plants have acquired a range of mechanisms that suppress soil-nitrifier activity to limit N-losses via N-leaching and denitrification. Plants' ability to produce and release nitrification inhibitors from roots and suppress soil-nitrifier activity is termed 'biological nitrification inhibition' (BNI). With recent developments in methodology for in-situ measurement of nitrification inhibition, it is now possible to characterize BNI function in plants. This review assesses the current status of our understanding of the production and release of biological nitrification inhibitors (BNIs) and their potential in improving NUE in agriculture. A suite of genetic, soil and environmental factors regulate BNI activity in plants. BNI-function can be genetically exploited to improve the BNI-capacity of major food- and feed-crops to develop next-generation production systems with reduced nitrification and N2O emission rates to benefit both agriculture and the environment. The feasibility of such an approach is discussed based on the progresses made.

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Section: The Bni Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of soil nitrification by plants

et al. 2015

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“…Soil-based assays to determine the changes in nitrification potential of rhizosphere soil complement this characterization of BNI capacity in plant root systems. The changes in potential soil nitrification by BNI function can be determined by monitoring NH 3 1 -oxidizing activity (Subbarao et al, 2009a;Smits et al, 2010).…”

Section: Biological Nitrification Inhibition (Bni)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for biological nitrification inhibition to reduce nitrification and N2O emissions in pasture crop–livestock systems

Subbarao

Rao

Nakahara

et al. 2013

Animal

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Agriculture and livestock production systems are two major emitters of greenhouse gases. Methane with a GWP (global warming potential) of 21, and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) with a GWP of 300, are largely emitted from animal production agriculture, where livestock production is based on pasture and feed grains. The principal biological processes involved in N 2 O emissions are nitrification and denitrification. Biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) is the natural ability of certain plant species to release nitrification inhibitors from their roots that suppress nitrifier activity, thus reducing soil nitrification and N 2 O emission. Recent methodological developments (e.g. bioluminescence assay to detect BNIs in plant root systems) have led to significant advances in our ability to quantify and characterize the BNI function. Synthesis and release of BNIs from plants is a highly regulated process triggered by the presence of NH 4 1 in the rhizosphere, which results in the inhibitor being released precisely where the majority of the soil-nitrifier population resides. Among the tropical pasture grasses, the BNI function is strongest (i.e. BNI capacity) in Brachiaria sp. Some feed-grain crops such as sorghum also have significant BNI capacity present in their root systems. The chemical identity of some of these BNIs has now been established, and their mode of inhibitory action on Nitrosomonas has been characterized. The ability of the BNI function in Brachiaria pastures to suppress N 2 O emissions and soil nitrification potential has been demonstrated; however, its potential role in controlling N 2 O emissions in agro-pastoral systems is under investigation. Here we present the current status of our understanding on how the BNI functions in Brachiaria pastures and feed-grain crops such as sorghum can be exploited both genetically and, from a production system's perspective, to develop low-nitrifying and low N 2 O-emitting production systems that would be economically profitable and ecologically sustainable.

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“…This is due to constraints of multi-dimensional data and inconsistency, which may serve to highlight that effects depend on a number of local contextual factors. It may also highlight the variety of mechanisms through which changes in plant diversity can occur as a result of nitrogen fertilisation such as altered plant-soil relationships, increased sensitivity to pests [84][85][86] or even reduced dispersal capacity [30]. It may also highlight that we currently lack the evidence base, particularly at high species richness as outlined above.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Nitrogen Fertilisation on Plant Species Richness in European Permanent Grasslands: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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Nitrogen fertilisation is a common form of agricultural intensification, aimed at increasing biomass, which can affect plant species diversity and ecosystem functioning. Using a systematic review and meta-analysis of nitrogen fertilisation studies in European permanent grasslands, we asked: (i) what relationship form exists between nitrogen application rate and change in plant diversity, compared to zero fertilisation controls; and (ii) how grassland, management and study characteristics affect this relationship. Meta-analysis of 34 control-treatment effects from 14 studies conducted across nine European countries revealed a negative linear relationship between nitrogen fertilisation rate and change in plant species richness, equivalent to approximately 1.5 species/m2 lost for every 100 Kg ha−1 yr−1 of nitrogen added. Fertilisation induced reductions in plant species richness were greater when defoliation rates were lower. We found some evidence that grasslands with a higher baseline plant diversity lost more species when fertilised compared to more species poor grasslands, although uncertainty was high. Due to the diverse grassland types included in the analysis, the variability in fertilisation-driven changes in plant diversity was high. We identified several remaining limitations to our understanding, including uncertainty about non-linear effects, which could aid efforts to optimise the trade-off of plant diversity and increasing grassland yields.

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Repression of potential nitrification activities by matgrass sward species

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Suppression of soil nitrification by plants

Suppression of soil nitrification by plants

Potential for biological nitrification inhibition to reduce nitrification and N2O emissions in pasture crop–livestock systems

The Effects of Nitrogen Fertilisation on Plant Species Richness in European Permanent Grasslands: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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