Reports of visual fatigue resulting from use of a video display unit

Effect of illumination, noise and text/background colour on spontaneous eye blink rate

“…The two different categories of subjects were made because it was found that working with computers for different durations had resulted in various types of disorders (Turvillea et al 1998). Dillon and Emurian (1995) also found that subjects who had 3 h or more of visual display units (VDU) exposure, reported signs of visual fatigue and also got affected physiologically. These may include problems in focusing, burning sensation and pain around the eyes, headache, etc.…”

Investigation of visual fatigue under LED lighting based on reading task

“…sore, heavy, dryness, watery, blurring, double image, and dizziness [7,9]. All the 7 items were graded with a 7-point scale to describe the symptoms of visual fatigue: 1 = Imperceptive, 2 = Just Perceptible, 3 = Perceptible but not Unacceptable, 4 = Just Unacceptable, 5 = Unacceptable but not Intolerable, 6 = Just Intolerable, 7 = Intolerable.…”

“…The other reason was that visual fatigue was a very comprehensive effect consisted of many symptoms, such as sore, gritty, photophobia, and etc. [3,7,9]. Sheedy and Hayes [10] performed a factor analysis on nine symptoms of visual fatigue at eight visual stressful conditions and found two factors, one was named the internal symptom factor and the other the external symptom factor.…”

“…Objective indices of visual fatigue include accommodation, eye movement effects [5] and spatial frequency adaptation [6], whereas subjective methods of visual fatigue take the form of self-report complaints of symptoms such as sore, burning eyes, headaches, double vision and so on [7].…”

Multiscale entropy approach to physiological fatigue during long‐term Web browsing

“…Uncomfortable symptoms arising from video display terminal (VDT) tasks may include visual fatigue (Bergqvist & Knave, 1994;Sheedy, 1992) and musculoskeletal complaints (Li & Buckle, 1999), and much research on VDT tasks has been reported. Questionnaires have been widely used to investigate psychological fatigue during VDT tasks (Dillon & Emurian, 1995;Dillon, Kleinman, Choi, & Bias, 2005;Duffy & Chan, 2002;Stüdeli & Menozzi, 2003), whereas other studies have gathered physiological signals by electroencephalography (Shieh, Chen, & Wang, 2005), electromyography (Balci & Aghazadeh, 2004;Murata, Uetake, Matsumoto, & Takasawa, 2003;Park, Kim, & Shin, 2000;Seghers, Jochen, & Spaepen, 2003), and critical flicker fusion (Chi & Lin, 1998;Takahashi et al, 2001) to measure physiological fatigue. Heart rate (HR) has been measured in VDT tasks at low load levels (Higuchi, Motohashi, Liu, Ahara, & Kaneko, 2003;Takahashi et al, 2001); however, the change in HR is not remarkable when it is compared with the high loading task like HR recovery after exhausted exercise (Du et al, 2005;Platisa, Mazic, Nestorovic, & Gal, 2008).…”