Report on influenza viruses received and tested by the Melbourne WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza in 2018

Price, Olivia; Spirason, Natalie; Rynehart, Cleve; Brown, Sook Kwan; Todd, Angela; Peck, Heidi; Patel, Manisha; Soppe, Sally; Barr, Ian G.; Chow, Michelle K

doi:10.33321/cdi.2020.44.16

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…To better understand the evolutionary trend of the current circulating influenza viruses in Thailand, the whole genome sequences of influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and influenza B isolates from our study (Figure S1) were analyzed along with the global strains. The A/H1N1 Thai strains were found to have similar mutations as those reported in global A/H1N1 isolates worldwide [20]. In general, all Thai A/H1N1 strains fell into the sub-clade 6B.1 and were genetically similar to the recommended A/H1N1 vaccine strains [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Molecular Characterization of Seasonal Influenza A and B from Hospitalized Patients in Thailand in 2018–2019

Boonnak

Mansanguan

Schuerch

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Influenza viruses continue to be a major public health threat due to the possible emergence of more virulent influenza virus strains resulting from dynamic changes in virus adaptability, consequent of functional mutations and antigenic drift in surface proteins, especially hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). In this study, we describe the genetic and evolutionary characteristics of H1N1, H3N2, and influenza B strains detected in severe cases of seasonal influenza in Thailand from 2018 to 2019. We genetically characterized seven A/H1N1 isolates, seven A/H3N2 isolates, and six influenza B isolates. Five of the seven A/H1N1 viruses were found to belong to clade 6B.1 and were antigenically similar to A/Switzerland/3330/2017 (H1N1), whereas two isolates belonged to clade 6B.1A1 and clustered with A/Brisbane/02/2018 (H1N1). Interestingly, we observed additional mutations at antigenic sites (S91R, S181T, T202I) as well as a unique mutation at a receptor binding site (S200P). Three-dimensional (3D) protein structure analysis of hemagglutinin protein reveals that this unique mutation may lead to the altered binding of the HA protein to a sialic acid receptor. A/H3N2 isolates were found to belong to clade 3C.2a2 and 3C.2a1b, clustering with A/Switzerland/8060/2017 (H3N2) and A/South Australia/34/2019 (H3N2), respectively. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed 10 mutations at antigenic sites including T144A/I, T151K, Q213R, S214P, T176K, D69N, Q277R, N137K, N187K, and E78K/G. All influenza B isolates in this study belong to the Victoria lineage. Five out of six isolates belong to clade 1A3-DEL, which relate closely to B/Washington/02/2009, with one isolate lacking the three amino acid deletion on the HA segment at position K162, N163, and D164. In comparison to the B/Colorado/06/2017, which is the representative of influenza B Victoria lineage vaccine strain, these substitutions include G129D, G133R, K136E, and V180R for HA protein. Importantly, the susceptibility to oseltamivir of influenza B isolates, but not A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 isolates, were reduced as assessed by the phenotypic assay. This study demonstrates the importance of monitoring genetic variation in influenza viruses regarding how acquired mutations could be associated with an improved adaptability for efficient transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Molecular Characterization of Seasonal Influenza A and B from Hospitalized Patients in Thailand in 2018–2019

Boonnak

Mansanguan

Schuerch

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…Furthermore, SARS-CoV-1 given by an intra-tracheal challenge to a range of avian species (including geese, ducks, chickens, turkeys and quails), showed only residual levels of RT-PCR virus specific product. There was no infectious virus isolated from inoculated birds or any specific histological lesions from a range of tissues examined and plasma samples showed no seroconversion to SARS-CoV-1, indicating that this virus did not infect these species [9]. In studies on permissiveness of coronavirus to standard MDCK cells, Kaye et al 2006 [11] showed that SARS-CoV-1 did not replicate as measured by CPE, indirect fluorescence antibody (IDFA) or quantitative RT-PCR, but did replicate in a wide range of mammalian continuous cell lines (derived from kidney epithelium, kidney fibroblasts and liver cells) including Vero/ VeroE6 cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reverse transcription and real-time PCR were performed as previously described [8] using an Applied Biosystems Fast Real Time PCR machine (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California, US). Influenza RNA was detected as previously described [9].…”

Section: Assessing Sars-cov-2 and Influenza Viruses' Propagation On Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No effect on embryo viability was detected following inoculation with SARS-CoV-2. Eggs inoculated separately with two influenza B viruses (initial influenza B Cts of 26 and 27) both replicated to high levels as indicated by the highly reduced influenza B Cts of 11 (for B/Victoria/2110/2019) and 10 (for B/Victoria/2113/2019), after a single was assessed with a previously described real-time RT-PCR assay [9]. b Same cell lines as in Table 2 c An A(H1N1)pdm09 virus -initial inoculum diluted 1×10 − 3 ; Ct = 25. d A B/Victoria-lineage virus -initial inoculum diluted 1×10 − 3 ; Ct = 29.…”

Section: Ethical Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 a and influenza b viruses' RNA after passages into embryonated hen's eggs and Vero cells Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA after each passage in eggs and Vero cells was assessed with a real-time RT-PCR assay targeting the RNAdependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene. Quantification of influenza virus RNA after one egg passage was assessed with a previously described real-time RT-PCR assay[9]. At passage 1, E1, E2,E3 harvests were pooled and then inoculated into three separate eggs at passage 2 then respectively carried onto passage 3.…”

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confidence: 99%

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SARS-CoV-2 does not replicate in embryonated hen’s eggs or in MDCK cell lines

et al. 2020

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The advent of COVID-19, has posed a risk that human respiratory samples containing human influenza viruses may also contain SARS-CoV-2. This potential risk may lead to SARS-CoV-2 contaminating conventional influenza vaccine production platforms as respiratory samples are used to directly inoculate embryonated hen’s eggs and continuous cell lines that are used to isolate and produce influenza vaccines. We investigated the ability of these substrates to propagate SARS-CoV-2 and found that neither could support SARS-CoV-2 replication.

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A Randomized Trial of Two 2-Dose Influenza Vaccination Strategies for Patients Following Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Teh

Leung

Mordant

et al. 2020

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Background Seroprotection and seroconversion rates are not well understood for 2-dose inactivated influenza vaccination (IIV) schedules in autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHCT) patients. Materials/methods A randomised single-blind controlled trial of IIV in autoHCT patients in their first year post-transplant was conducted. Patients were randomised 1:1 to high dose (HD) IIV followed by standard dose (SD) vaccine (HD-SD arm) or two SD vaccines (SD-SD arm), 4 weeks apart. Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay for IIV strains was performed at baseline, 1, 2 and 6 months post-first dose. Evaluable primary outcomes were seroprotection (HI titre ≥40) and seroconversion (4-fold titre rise) rates and secondary outcomes: geometric mean titres (GMT), GMT ratios (GMR), adverse events, influenza-like-illness (ILI) and laboratory-confirmed influenza (LCI) rates and factors associated with seroconversion. Results Sixty-eight patients were enrolled (34 per arm) with median age of 61.5 years, majority male (68%) with myeloma (68%). Median time from autoHCT to vaccination was 2.3 months. For HD-SD and SD-SD arms, percentage of patients achieving seroprotection was 75.8% and 79.4% for H1N1, 84.9% and 88.2% for H3N2 (all p>0.05) and 78.8% and 97.1% for influenza-B/Yamagata (p=0.03), respectively. Seroconversion rates, GMT and GMR, number of ILI or LCIs were not significantly different between arms. Adverse event rates were similar. Receipt of concurrent cancer therapy was independently associated with higher odds of seroconversion (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.2-14.9, p=0.02). Conclusions High seroprotection and seroconversion rates against all influenza strains can be achieved with vaccination as early as 2 months post-autoHCT with either two-dose vaccine schedules.

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Report on influenza viruses received and tested by the Melbourne WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza in 2018

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Molecular Characterization of Seasonal Influenza A and B from Hospitalized Patients in Thailand in 2018–2019

Molecular Characterization of Seasonal Influenza A and B from Hospitalized Patients in Thailand in 2018–2019

SARS-CoV-2 does not replicate in embryonated hen’s eggs or in MDCK cell lines

A Randomized Trial of Two 2-Dose Influenza Vaccination Strategies for Patients Following Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

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