Report of the Stigma Research Workshop for the development of scientific consensus papers and field guidelines on health-related stigma, held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands from 11–14 October 2010

Cg, Voorend; Wh, van Brakel; Cross, Hugh; Augustine,; Ebenso, Bassey

doi:10.47276/lr.82.2.188

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Higher the score obtained by EMIC scale higher is the level of perceived stigma. It has been classified as the instrument to measure the perceived stigma in leprosy by The International Federation of Anti-Leprosy Association (ILEP) and the stigma research workshop held in Amsterdam in 2010 [15] , [16] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Perceived Stigma in Leprosy Affected Persons in Western Nepal

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThere are various factors which construct the perception of stigma in both leprosy affected persons and unaffected persons. The main purpose of this study was to determine the level of perceived stigma and the risk factors contributing to it among leprosy affected person attending the Green Pastures Hospital, Pokhara municipality of western Nepal.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 135 people affected by leprosy at Green Pastures Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre. Persons above the age of 18 were interviewed using a set of questionnaire form and Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC). In addition, two sets of focused group discussions each containing 10 participants from the ward were conducted with the objectives of answering the frequently affected EMIC items.ResultsAmong 135 leprosy affected persons, the median score of perceived stigma was 10 while it ranged from 0–34. Higher perceived stigma score was found in illiterate persons (p = 0.008), participants whose incomes were self-described as inadequate (p = 0.014) and who had changed their occupation due to leprosy (p = 0.018). Patients who lacked information on leprosy (p = 0.025), knowledge about the causes (p = 0.02) and transmission of leprosy (p = 0.046) and those who had perception that leprosy is a severe disease (p<0.001) and is difficult to treat (p<0.001) had higher perceived stigma score. Participants with disfigurement or deformities (p = 0.014), ulcers (p = 0.022) and odorous ulcers (p = 0.043) had higher perceived stigma score.ConclusionThe factors associated with higher stigma were illiteracy, perceived economical inadequacy, change of occupation due to leprosy, lack of knowledge about leprosy, perception of leprosy as a severe disease and difficult to treat. Similarly, visible deformities and ulcers were associated with higher stigma. There is an urgent need of stigma reduction strategies focused on health education and health awareness programs in addition to the necessary rehabilitation support.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Perceived Stigma in Leprosy Affected Persons in Western Nepal

et al. 2014

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“…The same findings had been observed by Yap et al in Australia, Frota et al in Brazil, Garapati et al in India, and Voorend and Van Brakel in the Netherlands. 8 , 31 , 32 Many people in this survey reported that it is embarrassing for them to seek medical help; this would explain why people delay or present late for medical help with severe undesired complications. These observations are inconsistent with what had been reported by Al-Kamel, Ramdas et al, and Karimkhani et al 16 , 30 , 33 The delay in seeking medical advice for diagnosis could increase the burden of CL and complicate the emotional and social distress experienced by people with CL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The factors that exaggerate stigma are almost the same in different cultures. 2 , 8 In this context, Kippax et al believe that instead of viewing stigma as something individuals impose on others, the focus should be on the widespread social, cultural, political, and economic influences that cause stigma. 9 Hu et al examined the effect of CL on the quality of life in Suriname.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Social Stigma of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Hubuna, Saudi Arabia

Elfaki,

Alzahrani,

Abdalla

et al. 2024

JMDH

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Background Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne skin infection that remains prevalent in regions with poor socioeconomic conditions. Stigmatization occurs when individuals with physical or psychological disorders interact with societal stereotypes. The aim of this study was to explore the perceived social stigma surrounding CL among people residing in Hubuna, Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional community-based survey recruited 618 individuals aged 18 years and above using the snowball sampling technique to reach hidden cases within the target population. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire and the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue for Perceived Social Stigma (EMIC-SS-12) was used to assess the level of perceived social stigma. It includes questions on demographic variables, behaviors, and experiences. The analysis was performed using SPSS. Results The study included 618 participants, the majority of whom were women and girls (54.2%), with a mean age of 28 ± 12.7 years. The median score for perceived social stigma was 26.0. Only 2.1% (n = 13) of participants had the highest EMIC-SS-12 score of 36, while 7.6% (n = 47) scored zero. The mean score for overall perceived social stigma was 1.89 ± 0.91, while the mean score for experienced stigma was 1.99 ± 1.02. Univariate analysis showed that sex, employment, location of lesions, and number of lesions were insignificantly associated with stigmatization (P-value < 0.05), because these associations were uncertain because the CI includes or very close to 1. Conclusion The study reveals insights into stigmatization associated with CL in the Habuna area of Saudi Arabia. It found that the median of perceived social stigma was 26. Factors such as sex, employment status, and location of the lesion are uncertainly associated with stigma. It is crucial to explore negative behaviors and perceptions and develop suitable health education programs.

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“…Goffman (7) considered stigma a spoiled identity at which a characteristic is attributed to a person or a group, so the person or the members of that group are devalued and differentiated and are no longer considered healthy and competent individuals. Stigma can cause patients/caregivers to hide the illness (8). Therefore, AD family caregivers usually suffer from lack of social support and relationships and experience a sense of social isolation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impacts of an Educational Program by Using Group Discussion on Perceived Stigma Among the Family Caregivers of People with Alzheimer’s Disease

Chermahini

Parvizy

Hajibabaee

et al. 2021

Jundishapur J Chronic Dis Care

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Background: The objective of the present study was to determine the impacts of an educational program by using group discussion on perceived stigma among family caregivers of people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: This nonequivalent non-randomized controlled trial was performed in 2015. A sample of 66 family caregivers of people with AD was recruited conveniently. The caregivers were non-randomly allocated to a control and an experimental group. Initially, the perceived stigma of all participants was measured by using the Stigma Impact Scale. Then a five-session educational program by using group discussion was held over five weeks for the caregivers in the experimental group. The caregivers in the control group received no intervention. The level of caregivers' perceived stress was re-assessed both immediately and one month after the intervention. Results: The difference between the groups in terms of pretest perceived stigma was not statistically significant (P = 0.146). However, immediately and one month after the intervention, the mean score of perceived stigma in the experimental group was significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). The results of repeated measures ANOVA for the between-subject factor of the group also showed that the intervention had significant effects on the caregivers’ perceived stigma (P = 0.004). Conclusions: The findings of the present study showed the noticeable effects of the educational program using group discussion on the perceived stigma of family caregivers of people with AD. This finding can denote the importance of experience sharing in the psychological well-being of family caregivers. Through group discussion and experience sharing, caregivers learn the necessary skills for coping with their own problems. Given their effectiveness, educational interventions by using group discussion are recommended to reduce perceived stigma among family caregivers.

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Report of the Stigma Research Workshop for the development of scientific consensus papers and field guidelines on health-related stigma, held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands from 11–14 October 2010

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Factors Affecting Perceived Stigma in Leprosy Affected Persons in Western Nepal

Factors Affecting Perceived Stigma in Leprosy Affected Persons in Western Nepal

Perceived Social Stigma of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Hubuna, Saudi Arabia

The Impacts of an Educational Program by Using Group Discussion on Perceived Stigma Among the Family Caregivers of People with Alzheimer’s Disease

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