Report 13: Estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European countries

Flaxman, Seth; Mishra, Swapnil; Gandy, Axel; Unwin, H. Juliette T.; Coupland, Helen; Mellan, Thomas A.; Zhu, Harrison; Berah, Tresnia; Eaton, Jeffrey W.; Guzmán, Paula; Schmit, Nora; Cilloni, Lucia; Ainslie, Kylie E. C.; Baguelin, Marc; Blake, Iszara; Boonyasiri, Adhiratha; Boyd, Owen; Cattarino, Lorenzo; Ciavarella, Constanze; Cooper, Laura V; Perez, Z Cucunuba; Cuomo-Dannenburg, Gina; Dighe, Amy; Djaafara, A; Dorigatti, Ilaria; Elsland, S Van; Fitzjohn, R; Fu, Horng-Sen; Gaythorpe, Katy A. M.; Geidelberg, Lily; Grassly, Nicholas C.; Green, W; Hallett, Timothy B.; Hamlet, Arran; Hinsley, Wes; Jeffrey, B; Jorgensen, David A.; Knock, Edward; Laydon, Daniel J.; Gilani, G Nedjati; Nouvellet, Pierre; Parag, Kris V; Siveroni, Igor; Thompson, Hayley; Verity, Robert; Volz, E; Walters, Caroline E.; Wang, H; Wang, Y; Watson, O; Winskill, Peter; Xi, Xin; Whittaker, C; Walker, Patrick; Ghani, A; Donnelly, C; Riley, Steven; Okell, Lucy; Vollmer, Michaela; Ferguson, Neil; Bhatt, S

doi:10.25561/77731

Cited by 183 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…By the same day, the number of confirmed cases in Spain was 117,166, making it one of the most affected countries in the world along with the United States, Italy, and China. According to some studies, however, the actual number of cases might be much higher than reported (Flaxman et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Psychological symptoms of the outbreak of the COVID-19 confinement in Spain

et al. 2020

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We studied the short-term psychological effects of the COVID-19 crisis and the quarantine on 3550 adults from the Spanish population in a cross-sectional survey. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress were analyzed using the 21-item version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder were analyzed using the Impact of Event Scale. Symptomatic scores of anxiety, depression, and stress were observed in 20% to 30% of respondents. Symptomatic scores indicating psychological stress were found in 47.5% of respondents. Similar to the findings of other multiple studies, confinement has been found to have significant emotional impact in the Spanish population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Psychological symptoms of the outbreak of the COVID-19 confinement in Spain

et al. 2020

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“…At the time of writing, the significant efforts of all affected countries have non-pharmaceutical: to shut down their economies through lockdowns, enforcing social distancing, and canceling events. These measures seem, for now, to have succeeded in slowing down the spread and saving lives (McNeil, 2020;Flaxman et al, 2020). However, whether these measures are sustainable for more than a couple of weeks is doubtful.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Intelligence Against Covid-19: An Early Review

Naudé

2020

SSRN Journal

120

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Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

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“…Empirical findings also showed that social distancing was an effective tool in reducing the number of COVID-19 infections in China [ 16 ]. Moreover, from a study of 11 European countries, Flaxman et al [ 13 ] estimated that social distancing measures may have prevented as many as 59, 000 COVID-19 deaths through March 31, 2020. A study that evaluated the impact of social distancing measures on the growth rate of confirmed COVID-19 cases across the U.S. showed that adoption of government-imposed social distancing policies reduced the daily growth rate of confirmed COVID-19 cases [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How social distancing, mobility, and preventive policies affect COVID-19 outcomes: Big data-driven evidence from the District of Columbia-Maryland-Virginia (DMV) megaregion

Mahmoudi

Xiong

2022

PLoS ONE

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Many factors play a role in outcomes of an emerging highly contagious disease such as COVID-19. Identification and better understanding of these factors are critical in planning and implementation of effective response strategies during such public health crises. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of factors related to social distancing, human mobility, enforcement strategies, hospital capacity, and testing capacity on COVID-19 outcomes within counties located in District of Columbia as well as the states of Maryland and Virginia. Longitudinal data have been used in the analysis to model county-level COVID-19 infection and mortality rates. These data include big location-based service data, which were collected from anonymized mobile devices and characterize various social distancing and human mobility measures within the study area during the pandemic. The results provide empirical evidence that lower rates of COVID-19 infection and mortality are linked with increased levels of social distancing and reduced levels of travel—particularly by public transit modes. Other preventive strategies and polices also prove to be influential in COVID-19 outcomes. Most notably, lower COVID-19 infection and mortality rates are linked with stricter enforcement policies and more severe penalties for violating stay-at-home orders. Further, policies that allow gradual relaxation of social distancing measures and travel restrictions as well as those requiring usage of a face mask are related to lower rates of COVID-19 infections and deaths. Additionally, increased access to ventilators and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) beds, which represent hospital capacity, are linked with lower COVID-19 mortality rates. On the other hand, gaps in testing capacity are related to higher rates of COVID-19 infection. The results also provide empirical evidence for reports suggesting that certain minority groups such as African Americans and Hispanics are disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Report 13: Estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European countries

Cited by 183 publications

References 0 publications

Psychological symptoms of the outbreak of the COVID-19 confinement in Spain

Psychological symptoms of the outbreak of the COVID-19 confinement in Spain

Artificial Intelligence Against Covid-19: An Early Review

How social distancing, mobility, and preventive policies affect COVID-19 outcomes: Big data-driven evidence from the District of Columbia-Maryland-Virginia (DMV) megaregion

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