Reply to Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma

Yi, Sang-Wook; Choi, Ja-Sung

doi:10.1002/cncr.31801

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…HCC usually develops from chronic inflammatory liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis) and is associated with various pathogenic factors, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), alcohol abuse, metabolic syndrome, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and diabetes. Only a few HCC patients are diagnosed at an early stage and are thus responsive to potentially curative treatments, such as locoregional procedures (radiofrequency ablation) and surgical therapies (resection and liver transplantation) (2). However, the HCC patients who are diagnosed with progression after locoregional therapy or those who are at an advanced stage with dismal prognosis, treatment with the front-line multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sorafenib, and the second-line, regorafenib, may extend survival by 2 years (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downregulation of ubiquitin-specific protease 2 possesses prognostic and diagnostic value and promotes the clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Stratification of tumors is necessary to achieve better clinical outcomes. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is commonly associated with mutation of the TP53 gene and heterogeneity in immune cell content. However, TP53 mutation-associated immunotype of HCC has not been reported yet. This study aimed to identify the TP53 mutation-associated immunotype in HCC. Methods:The mutation annotation format (MAF) document, mRNA expression data, and clinical data of HCC patients were downloaded from the publicly available The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data portal.Data from 332 HCC patients were analyzed in this study. Infiltrating immune cells were evaluated by the well-known CIBERSORT method. Additional mutation data of HCC patients were downloaded from the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database. Results:The TP53 gene harbored the highest frequency of mutations in HCC patients. Consequently, five lethal features, including TP53 mutations, were screened by least absolute shrinkage and selector operation (LASSO)-COX regression, according to TP53 mutations and 22 infiltrating immune cells. Two distinct subgroups of HCC were identified, namely, immunotypes A and B. Furthermore, the expression levels of co-inhibitory immune checkpoints were significantly upregulated, and the gene ontology (GO) terms or pathways to boost immune responses were found to be inhibited in the immunotype B subgroup compared to that in the immunotype A subgroup. Finally, we proved immunotype to be an independent adverse prognostic factor that contributed to improvement in the predictive accuracy of the immunotype-based model and helped in avoiding excessive medical treatment.Conclusions: Two distinct immunotypes of HCC, in terms of prognosis, phenotype, and function, were identified and the traditional understanding of intratumoralCD8 + T cells was subverted. Moreover, the identified immunotypes contributed to improving the predictive accuracy of the immunotype-based model and helped in avoiding excessive medical treatment in some HCC patients.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%