Reply to Munro et al

Abstract

Correspondence 1889 with cyclin D1. The cells were negative for anti-CD 10, 23, LMP1 and in situ hybridisation for Epstein-Barr virus RNA (EBERs) was also negative. A diagnosis of blastic variant of mantle cell lymphoma was made.CT scanning showed evidence of lymphomatous nodules in the lungs and a 4 cm mass at the bifurcation of the aorta, but there was no disease in the bone marrow. Her LDH was within normal limits.The patient was given one course of chemotherapy with ifosphamide, etoposide and epirubicin (IVE), but developed ifosphamideinduced encephalopathy requiring treatment with methylene blue. Her second course of chemotherapy was with mitozantrone and cytarabine. Following this, a repeat CT scan showed residual thickening of the stomach, but resolution of the lung and para-aortic disease. She received further chemotherapy with carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine and melphalan (mini-BEAM), but failed to mobilise stem cells. She relapsed aggressively 2 months after finishing chemotherapy and died.Immunosuppression has long been associated with an increased risk of lymphoma. This is thought to be due to increased susceptibility to transformation of B cells by latent infections such as EBV and human herpes 8, with defective immunosurveillance by cytotoxic lymphocytes against malignant cells.The majority of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (both systemic and CNS) occurring in HIV-infected patients are diffuse large B cell lymphomas, although Burkitt's lymphoma and T cell lymphomas are also reported. 2 To our knowledge, the blastic variant of mantle cell lymphoma has not been previously described in the setting of HIV. As is common with HIV-related lymphoma, our first case was positive for LMP1, whereas the second case which was not related to HIV, was negative for LMP1 and EBERs.The second patient was significantly immunosuppressed over a 20-year period for treatment of autoimmune disease. There is known to be an increased incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in autoimmune diseases, including Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthrits and systemic lupus erythematosis, but again the blastic variant of mantle cell lymphoma has not been reported. [3][4][5] Both of our cases were females less than 60 years old, whereas the majority of cases

First Measurement of Muon Neutrino Charged Current Quasielastic (CCQE) Double Differential Cross Section

“…The predictions are flux-averaged and absolutely normalized. The RFG model is plotted with both the world-averaged CCQE parameters (M A = 1.03 GeV,κ = 1.000) [8] and with the CCQE parameters extracted from this analysis (M A = 1.35 GeV, κ = 1.007). The model using the world-averaged CCQE parameters underpredicts the measured values significantly (by ≈ 30%).…”

Quasielastic Neutrino Scattering at E[sub ν]≈1 GeV: Recent Measurements and Interpretations

“…This view of the underlying model has resulted in the situation where neutrino CCQE measurements typically produce a measurement of M A , independent of neutrino energy and target nucleus. The resulting world-average is M A = 1.026 ± 0.021 [5] (a good summary of the various M A values is provided in Ref. [6]).…”

Next-to-Leading-Order Staggered Chiral Perturbation Theory

“…Lattice simulations with staggered fermions [1] are fast compared to those with other standard fermion discretizations [2,3]. They therefore allow QCD calculations on a reasonable time scale with light dynamical quarks.…”

“…We have therefore determined all linearly-independent O(a 2 p 2 ), O(a 4 ), and O(a 2 m) operators in the staggered chiral Lagrangian for a general multiple-flavor, partially quenched theory, including source terms for leftand right-handed currents and scalar and pseudoscalar densities. 2 The full NLO staggered chiral Lagrangian consists of these operators, which incorporate discretization effects, plus the standard continuum O(p 4 ), O(p 2 m), and O(m 2 ) operators.…”