Reply to Gao et al: Racial composition does not explain increasing class gaps in obesity

Frederick, Carl B.; Snellman, Kaisa; Putnam, Robert D.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1406465111

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…[41][42][43][44] This appears to be particularly pronounced in childhood. [44][45][46][47] What's more, while overall trends for increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity have slowed or levelled off in many countries since the turn of the century, they have continued to rise among children and adolescents with greater social disadvantage, exacerbating socioeconomic disparities. 45,46,48 Data show that individuals from lower socioeconomic groups tend to be less likely than those from middle and higher socioeconomic groups to have a healthy diet.…”

Section: Energy Intake and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[44][45][46][47] What's more, while overall trends for increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity have slowed or levelled off in many countries since the turn of the century, they have continued to rise among children and adolescents with greater social disadvantage, exacerbating socioeconomic disparities. 45,46,48 Data show that individuals from lower socioeconomic groups tend to be less likely than those from middle and higher socioeconomic groups to have a healthy diet. 42,49 The food environment likely plays a role, with affordable healthy foods less accessible but unhealthy convenience foods readily available in more deprived communities.…”

Section: Energy Intake and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The obesity epidemic – Nature via nurture: A narrative review of high-income countries

2020

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Over the last three decades, the prevalence of obesity has increased rapidly in populations around the world. Despite a wealth of research, the relative contributions of the different mechanisms underlying this global epidemic are not fully understood. While there is growing consensus that the rapid rise in obesity prevalence has been driven by changes to the environment, it is evident that biology plays a central role in determining who develops obesity and who remains lean in the current obesogenic environment. This review summarises evidence on the extent to which genes and the environment influence energy intake and energy expenditure, and as a result, contribute to the ongoing global obesity epidemic. The concept of genetic susceptibility to the environment driving human variation in body weight is discussed.

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Section: Energy Intake and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energy Intake and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The obesity epidemic – Nature via nurture: A narrative review of high-income countries

2020

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“…However, it remains unclear how this distribution looks across all of the largest urban areas in the United States. With a growing recognition that context shapes choices, ecological models that highlight the interconnectedness of place, choices, and the environment's impact on health and disease, continue to gain momentum across scientific disciplines [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Disease, the Built Environment, and Unequal Health Risks in the 500 Largest U.S. Cities

Fitzpatrick

Willis

2020

IJERPH

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Health is increasingly subject to the complex interplay between the built environment, population composition, and the structured inequity in access to health-related resources across communities. The primary objective of this paper was to examine cardiometabolic disease (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, stroke) markers and their prevalence across relatively small geographic units in the 500 largest cities in the United States. Using data from the American Community Survey and the 500 Cities Project, the current study examined cardiometabolic diseases across 27,000+ census tracts in the 500 largest cities in the United States. Earlier works clearly show cardiometabolic diseases are not randomly distributed across the geography of the U.S., but rather concentrated primarily in Southern and Eastern regions of the U.S. Our results confirm that chronic disease is correlated with social and built environment factors. Specifically, racial concentration (%, Black), age concentration (% 65+), housing stock age, median home value, structural inequality (Gini index), and weight status (% overweight/obese) were consistent correlates (p < 0.01) of cardiometabolic diseases in the sample of census tracts. The paper examines policy-related features of the built and social environment and how they might play a role in shaping the health and well-being of America’s metropolises.

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Reply to Gao et al: Racial composition does not explain increasing class gaps in obesity

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

The obesity epidemic – Nature via nurture: A narrative review of high-income countries

The obesity epidemic – Nature via nurture: A narrative review of high-income countries

Chronic Disease, the Built Environment, and Unequal Health Risks in the 500 Largest U.S. Cities

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