REPLY TO DISCUSSION by John D. Fox, Jr.<sup>1</sup>

Lanini, Jordan; Sridhar, Visalakshi; Sansone, Amy L.; Lamarche, Juliette; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.

doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01614.x

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The riverine forest provides an important niche for many wildlife species and is also used as a travel corridor for other species, such as birds and small mammals [3][4][5][6]. The shoreline vegetation offers shade and wind protection that helps regulate water temperature and increases the dissolved oxygen concentration [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and LiDAR-Derived DEMs to Estimate Channels of Small Tributary Streams

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Defining stream channels in a watershed is important for assessing freshwater habitat availability, complexity, and quality. However, mapping channels of small tributary streams becomes challenging due to frequent channel change and dense vegetation coverage. In this study, we used an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and photogrammetry method to obtain a 3D Digital Surface Model (DSM) to estimate the total in-stream channel and channel width within grazed riparian pastures. We used two methods to predict the stream channel boundary: the Slope Gradient (SG) and Vertical Slope Position (VSP). As a comparison, the same methods were also applied using low-resolution DEM, obtained with traditional photogrammetry (coarse resolution) and two more LiDAR-derived DEMs with different resolution. When using the SG method, the higher-resolution, UAV-derived DEM provided the best agreement with the field-validated area followed by the high-resolution LiDAR DEM, with Mean Squared Errors (MSE) of 1.81 m and 1.91 m, respectively. The LiDAR DEM collected at low resolution was able to predict the stream channel with a MSE of 3.33 m. Finally, the coarse DEM did not perform accurately and the MSE obtained was 26.76 m. On the other hand, when the VSP method was used we found that low-resolution LiDAR DEM performed the best followed by high-resolution LiDAR, with MSE values of 9.70 and 11.45 m, respectively. The MSE for the UAV-derived DEM was 15.12 m and for the coarse DEM was 20.78 m. We found that the UAV-derived DEM could be used to identify steep bank which could be used for mapping the hydrogeomorphology of lower order streams. Therefore, UAVs could be applied to efficiently map small stream channels in order to monitor the dynamic changes occurring in these ecosystems at a local scale. However, the VSP method should be used to map stream channels in small watersheds when high resolution DEM data is not available.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and LiDAR-Derived DEMs to Estimate Channels of Small Tributary Streams

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

A Reduced Parameter Stream Temperature Model (RPSTM) for basin-wide simulations

Cheng

Wiley

2016

Environmental Modelling & Software

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Guidelines for Riparian Vegetative Shade Restoration Based Upon a Theoretical Shaded‐Stream Model¹

DeWalle

2008

J American Water Resour Assoc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Guidelines for riparian vegetative shade restoration were developed using a theoretical model of total daily radiation received by a shaded stream. The model assumed stream shading by nontransmitting, vertical or overhanging, solid vegetation planes in infinitely long reaches. Radiation components considered in the model were direct beam shortwave on the stream centerline, diffuse atmospheric shortwave, shortwave reflected by vegetation, atmospheric longwave, and longwave emitted by vegetation. Potential or extraterrestrial shortwave irradiation theory was used to compute beam shortwave radiation received at the stream centerline, and view factor theory was used to compute diffuse radiation exchange among stream, vegetation, and atmospheric planes. Model shade effects under clear skies were dominated by reductions in receipt of direct beam shortwave radiation. Model shade effects with cloudy skies were dominated by the “view factor effect” or the decreases in diffuse shortwave and longwave radiation from the atmosphere balanced against increases in longwave radiation from vegetation. Model shade effects on shortwave radiation reflected by vegetation were found to be negligible. The model was used to determine the vegetation height (H) to stream width (W) ratios needed to achieve 50, 75, and 90 % shade restoration for mid‐latitude conditions on clear and cloudy days. Ratios of vegetation height to stream width, for dense nontransmitting vegetation, generally ranged from 1.4 to 2.3 for 75% shade restoration at a mid‐latitude site (40°N). The model was used to show H/W needed for E‐W vs. N‐S stream azimuths, varying stream latitudes between 30° and 50°N, channels with overhanging vegetation, channels undergoing width changes, as well as the limits to shade restoration on very wide channels.

show abstract

REPLY TO DISCUSSION by John D. Fox, Jr.¹

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and LiDAR-Derived DEMs to Estimate Channels of Small Tributary Streams

Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and LiDAR-Derived DEMs to Estimate Channels of Small Tributary Streams

A Reduced Parameter Stream Temperature Model (RPSTM) for basin-wide simulations

Guidelines for Riparian Vegetative Shade Restoration Based Upon a Theoretical Shaded‐Stream Model¹

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

REPLY TO DISCUSSION by John D. Fox, Jr.1

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and LiDAR-Derived DEMs to Estimate Channels of Small Tributary Streams

Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and LiDAR-Derived DEMs to Estimate Channels of Small Tributary Streams

A Reduced Parameter Stream Temperature Model (RPSTM) for basin-wide simulations

Guidelines for Riparian Vegetative Shade Restoration Based Upon a Theoretical Shaded‐Stream Model1

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

REPLY TO DISCUSSION by John D. Fox, Jr.¹

Guidelines for Riparian Vegetative Shade Restoration Based Upon a Theoretical Shaded‐Stream Model¹