Reply to Alan M. Jeffrey and Gary M. Williams

Darbre, Philippa D.; Pope, G. S.; Aljarrah, A.; Miller, W. R.; Coldham, N. G.; Sauer, Maurice J.

doi:10.1002/jat.988

Cited by 26 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[4][5][6] In fact, parabens have been detected in human breast tumor tissues at the low ng/g level. 7,8 The above studies indicated that even though long-term, low-dose consumption of these compounds might still have some side effects on humans and wildlife. Therefore, the highest allowable concentration of single parabens in a cosmetic product is 0.4% (w), and that of parabens mixture is 0.8% (w) 9 in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Simultaneous Determination of Phenolic Additives in Cosmetics by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography method with electrochemical detection (MECC-ED) has been developed for the simultaneous determination of eight phenolic additives, including propyl gallate (PG), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP) and butylparaben (BP) in cosmetic products. Method development involved optimization of the working electrode, the pH value of running buffer, the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), the separation voltage, and the sample injection time. Under the optimum conditions, all analytes can be well separated within 26 min at the separation voltage of 18 kV in a 9 mmol•L -1 sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) -60 mmol•L -1 borate running buffer (pH 8.0). A 300 µm diameter carbon disk electrode generated good response at ＋0.90 V (vs. SCE) for all analytes. Linearity of the present method was over three orders of magnitude of analyte concentration with detection limits (S/N＝3) ranging from 1.1×10 -7 to 1.2×10 -6 g•mL -1 for allanalytes. This proposed method has been successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of the above additives in commercial cosmetics, and the assay results were satisfactory.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Simultaneous Determination of Phenolic Additives in Cosmetics by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In fact, they are known to be weak endocrine disruptors [3]. Besides this, it was found a possible relationship between breast cancer and prolonged dermal expositions to paraben-containing deodorants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Preparation and evaluation of molecularly imprinted microspheres for solid‐phase extraction of 1,4‐hydroxybenzoic acid esters in soy

Shen

Chen

et al. 2011

J of Separation Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Molecularly imprinted microspheres (MIMs) were prepared by precipitation polymerization for the binding and recognition of 1,4-hydroxybenzoic acid esters. Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate (EtPHB) was used as the template molecule, methacrylic acid as the functional monomer, ethylene dimethacrylate as the linking agent. It was evaluated by solid-phase extraction column packed with MIMs combined with liquid chromatography to determine trace preservatives including benzoic acid, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, EtPHB, propyl p-hydroxybenzoate in food products. A solid-phase extraction based on MIM procedure was used to isolate four additives from the food matrix before quantitative analysis. The Scatchard plot suggested that the template-polymer system had two-site binding behavior with the dissociation constants of 0.3577 and 3.952 mg/g, respectively. The rebinding test, based on the molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction column technique, showed the recoveries of soy samples spiked with four additives within 88.4-110.6%, with the relative standard deviations of 1.97-3.82%. Finally, the method was successfully applied for the analysis of parabens in foodstuff without traditional pretreatment.

show abstract

“…Currently, there is an adverse trend to parabens use, because of a growing number of evidences that parabens are endocrine disrupters and are involved in breast cancer. 2,3 Many experimental models have shown parabens to be estrogens in vitro and in vivo. 4,5 In most countries, amounts of preservatives in processed food and cosmetic products are strictly limited, so the development of new analytical techniques for rapid analysis of preservatives has increased substantially as the result of amplified concern of consumers about safety of these additives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Application of Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Method to the Quantification of the Biotransformation of Methyl Paraben in Eisenia foetida

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A simple and quick ultra performance liquid chromatography method (UPLC) has been developed for determination of methyl paraben (MP) and its major metabolites p-hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) and phenol (Phe), following its biotransformations in Eisenia foetida. After different exposure time to paper contact test, the presence of methyl paraben and his biotransformation products in adult earthworms was monitored. Determination of its metabolites was achieved with a BEH (bridged ethane-silicon hybrid) C 18 column (2.1×50 mm i.d., 1.7 µm particle size), using methanol/water/phosphoric acid as mobile phase, under a gradient elution program, and a PDA (photo-diode array) detection (quantification with MaxPlot in the range 210-400 nm). The absorption of MP did not exceed 30% and in the first 4-6 h after exposure only minute amounts of pHBA and Phe were detected in the worm homogenates. After 48 h of exposures, almost 70% of absorbed MP was already metabolized to Phe and around 20% could be found as pHBA.

show abstract

Reply to Alan M. Jeffrey and Gary M. Williams

Cited by 26 publications

References 5 publications

Simultaneous Determination of Phenolic Additives in Cosmetics by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection

Simultaneous Determination of Phenolic Additives in Cosmetics by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection

Preparation and evaluation of molecularly imprinted microspheres for solid‐phase extraction of 1,4‐hydroxybenzoic acid esters in soy

Development and Application of Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Method to the Quantification of the Biotransformation of Methyl Paraben in Eisenia foetida

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About