Replacement therapy with piperazine oestrone sulphate('Harmogen') and its effect on memory

Hackman, B. W.; Galbraith, Douglas

doi:10.1185/03007997609109322

Cited by 92 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Moreover, the improvement often observed with hormonal replacement therapy on memory has sometimes been ascribed to a domino bene®cial effect on mood 14 . Our data appear to disprove this theory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of cyclical changes in memory and mood in postmenopausal women taking sequential combined oestrogen and progestogen preparations

Natale

Albertazzi²,

Zini

et al. 2001

BJOG

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Objective To investigate the effect of progesterone on cognitive function, mood, sleep quality and libido when added to oestrogen in sequential combined hormonal replacement therapy regimens.Design Observational study over three hormonal replacement therapy cycles. Setting Menopause Centre of Ospedale Maternita Á, Bologna, Italy.Population Twenty-three postmenopausal women with an average of 70 months of amenorrhoea (range 12 to 234 months) on different sequential combined hormonal replacement therapy regimen for an average of 15 months (range 3±48) months. Methods Psychological testing for memory, mood, sleep quality and libido during the oestrogen only part of the cycle compared with the oestrogen-progestogen part of the cycle. Results Twenty women completed the six visits of the trial. The addition of progestogens to oestrogen appeared to bene®t memory (P , 0.01) but worsened mood (P , 0.005). There was no evidence of change in other parameters such as sleep quality or libido. Conclusion The addition of progestogens improved memory above what was obtained with oestrogen alone.This effect did not depend on an improvement of mood since the latter worsened during the progestogenic phase of an hormonal replacement therapy cycle. Progestogen added to oestrogen did not signi®cantly in¯u-ence sleep or libido.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of cyclical changes in memory and mood in postmenopausal women taking sequential combined oestrogen and progestogen preparations

Natale

Albertazzi²,

Zini

et al. 2001

BJOG

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“…Many investigators [15][16][17]29] demonstrated an im provement in memory function in association with ERT. Ditkoff et al [30] observed an overall improvement in mood and quality of life in postmenopausal women receiving ERT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) improves memory function in both preand postmenopausal estrogen-deficient women [15,16] and in surgically menopausal women [17], It has been observed that serum levels of estrone sulfate in women with DAT are lower than those in senile women without DAT [18]. In the early-aging rat, the cessation of cyclic changes in circulating estrogen has been associated with the suppression of hippocampal function; supplemental estradiol has been shown to restore hippocampal function [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Estrogen Replacement Therapy in Female Patients with Dementia of the Alzheimer Type: 7 Case Reports

Ohkura

Isse²,

Akazawa³

et al. 1995

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Seven female patients with mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) were treated with long-term, low-dose estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) over a period of 5–45 months. Five of the 7 patients were cases who had responded well to short-term ERT with 1.25 mg/day of conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) for 6 weeks. The 7 patients from 56 to 77 years of age received 0.625 mg/day of CEE for 21 days, followed by a pause of 7 days. A28-day cycle of low-dose ERT was performed repeatedly. In 4 cases, these patients received 5 mg/day of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) during the last 10–12 days of estrogen treatment. Therapeutic efficacy of estrogen was evaluated by psychometric assessments such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS) and a behavior rating scale of the Gottfries-Bråne-Steen geriatric rating scale (GBS). The MMSE and HDS evaluations were performed principally once in 2–4 weeks. In 4 out of the 7 patients, the MMSE and HDS scores were elevated above the pretreatment levels during ERT. The termination of ERT resulted in a decrease in both scores. Furthermore, the GBS scores and daily activities of the same 4 patients were improved during ERT. In these 4 patients cognitive functions were markedly improved throughout the treatment period, while the other 2 patients responded moderately well and another patient did not respond at all. These observations suggest that long-term, low-dose ERT improves cognitive functions, dementia symptoms and daily activities in women with mild to moderate DAT. However, the supplemental treatment with MPA seems to have an unfavorable effect on dementia symptoms and daily activities in the aged DAT patients.

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“…However, although the baseline HDRS scores were low, they decreased further, and so a cognitive function-depressive symptoms link could not be dismissed. Many investigators [15,16,17,32]demonstrated the improvement in memory function in association with ERT. Ditkof f et al [33] observed an overall improvement in mood and quality of life in postmenopausal women on ERT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During estrogen replacement therapy (ERT), improvement in memory function has been noted in both pre-and postmenopausal estrogen-deficient women [15,16] and in surgically menopausal women [17]. It has also been observed that in female DAT patients serum levels of estrone sulfate are lower than in normal senile women [18].…”

Section: Disturbancementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Estrogen Treatment in Female Patients with Dementia of the Alzheimer Type.

et al. 1994

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Abstract. This study was designed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of estrogen in female patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). Fifteen DAT patients with a mean age of (x ± SE) 71.9 ± 2.4 years were treated with 0.625 mg of conjugated equine estrogens orally twice a day for 6 weeks. Of the 15 DAT patients, 4 were diagnosed as mild, 7 as moderate and 4 as severe. The effects of estrogen on DAT patients were evaluated by psychometric assessments, behavior rating scales, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurement and quantitative EEG analysis. Psychometric assessments consisted of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS). Dementia syndromes were evaluated by the CBS-Scale (GBSS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). During estrogen replacement therapy (ERT), the mean MMSE score (x ± SE) increased significantly from 11.6 ± 1.9 to 13.2 ± 2.0 at 3 weeks (P<0.01) and 13.8 ± 2.0 at 6 weeks (P<0.001). The mean HDS score increased significantly from 8.6 ± 2.1 to 11.5 ± 2.3 at 3 weeks (P<0.001) and 11.6 ± 2.6 at 6 weeks (P<0.01). Significant improvements in the mean scores of the GBSS and HDRS were also observed in the estrogentreated group, but not in the untreated control group with a mean age of 71.2 ± 2.5 years (n=15). The rCBF was measured by single photon emission computed tomography (SPELT). ERT increased the mean rCBF significantly in the lower frontal region (P<0.01) and primary motor area (P<0.02) of the right hemisphere. The mean absolute power delta band values in both left and right frontal EEG (Fp, and Fp2) (P<0.01) and theta1 band values in Fp2 (P<0.05) decreased significantly during ERT. It is inferred that ERT significantly improves cognitive functions, dementia symptoms, regional cerebral blood flow and EEG activity in female patients with DAT.

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Replacement therapy with piperazine oestrone sulphate('Harmogen') and its effect on memory

Cited by 92 publications

References 3 publications

Exploration of cyclical changes in memory and mood in postmenopausal women taking sequential combined oestrogen and progestogen preparations

Exploration of cyclical changes in memory and mood in postmenopausal women taking sequential combined oestrogen and progestogen preparations

Long-Term Estrogen Replacement Therapy in Female Patients with Dementia of the Alzheimer Type: 7 Case Reports

Evaluation of Estrogen Treatment in Female Patients with Dementia of the Alzheimer Type.

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