Exploration of cyclical changes in memory and mood in postmenopausal women taking sequential combined oestrogen and progestogen preparations

Natale, Vincenzo; Albertazzi, Paola; Zini, Monica; Micco, Raffaele Di

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2001.00070.x

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These findings are in accordance with studies reporting cognition-enhancing effects of HRT in the absence of significant changes in mood [117,[121][122][123].…”

Section: Effects Of Hrt On Auditory Standard N1 and P2 As Well As Tarsupporting

confidence: 82%

Brain Regions Activated during an Auditory Discrimination Task in Insomniac Postmenopausal Patients before and after Hormone Replacement Therapy: Low-Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography Applied to Event-Related Potentials

Anderer

Saletu²,

Saletu-Zyhlarz³

et al. 2004

Neuropsychobiology

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Electrical sources of auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) determined by means of low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) in 48 unmedicated insomniac postmenopausal patients aged between 46 and 67 years were compared with those obtained in 48 age-matched normal female controls. Subsequently, the patients were included in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, comparative, randomized 3-arm trial phase – Climodien 2/3 [estradiol valerate (EV) 2 mg + the progestin dienogest 3 mg] was compared with EV 2 mg and placebo – followed by an open-label phase in which all of them received Climodien 2/2 (EV 2 mg + dienogest 2 mg). The double-blind and the open-label phase lasted 2 months. ERPs were recorded from 19 EEG leads in a two-tone oddball paradigm and electrical sources of standard N1 and P2 as well as target N2 and P300 components were estimated. In both patients and controls, LORETA revealed an activation of the superior temporal gyrus [auditory cortex, Brodmann areas (BA) 41, 42, 22] for all four components. For standard P2, an additional activation was observed medially parietally in the precuneus (BA 7, 5). For target N2, also a medial frontal source (BA 9, 10, 32) was identified. Finally, for the target P300 component – in addition to the aforementioned sources – activations in the prefrontal cortex (BA 9, 10, 46, 47), the inferior parietal cortex (supramarginal gyrus, BA 40, 39) and the posterior cingulum (BA 31) were found. Thus, patients and controls did not differ in the structural processes engaged in these fundamental aspects of information processing. However, patients demonstrated significantly reduced source strength – for standard ERP components predominantly in the temporal lobe and for target components predominantly in the frontal lobe, indicating reduced energetic resources available for perceptual and cognitive demands of the discrimination task. While, as compared with placebo, estrogen alone had only minor effects on ERP source strength, Climodien generally increased the impressed current density at the ERP peak latencies, predominantly in the temporal lobe, indicating an increased stimulus-induced cortical arousal in the primary and higher-order auditory cortex. Specifically, Climodien enhanced P300 source strength in the left middle temporal gyrus and in the left superior frontal gyrus, brain regions that on the one hand have been shown to be affected by hormone therapy in positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance neuroimaging studies and that on the other hand are among those critical for encoding and memory processes.

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“…These findings are in accordance with studies reporting cognition-enhancing effects of HRT in the absence of significant changes in mood [117,[121][122][123].…”

Section: Effects Of Hrt On Auditory Standard N1 and P2 As Well As Tarsupporting

confidence: 82%

Brain Regions Activated during an Auditory Discrimination Task in Insomniac Postmenopausal Patients before and after Hormone Replacement Therapy: Low-Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography Applied to Event-Related Potentials

Anderer

Saletu²,

Saletu-Zyhlarz³

et al. 2004

Neuropsychobiology

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“…94 There is some evidence that when progesterone is added to the HRT regimen, there is no improvement in sleep. 98 However, there is a possibility that various types of progesterone can affect sleep differently. Montplaisir et al 99 tested the sedating effects of progesterone by comparing HRT with two different progestogens: medroxyprogesterone acetate and micronized progesterone.…”

Section: Estrogens -Progesteronementioning

confidence: 99%

Hormones, hormonal agents, and neuropeptides involved in the neuroendocrine regulation of sleep in humans

Kotronoulas

Stamatakis²,

Stylianopoulou³

2009

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Sleep is an essential ubiquitous biological process, a periodical state of quiescence in which there is minimal processing of sensory information and no interaction with conspecifics or the environment. Despite relevant research on sleep structure and testing of numerous endogenous sleep-affecting chemicals, questions as to the precise mechanisms and functions of sleep remain without satisfactory responses. The purpose of this review is to report on current evidence as regards the effect of several endogenous and exogenous hormones, hormonal agents, and neuropeptides on sleep onset or wake process, when administered in humans in specific doses and via different routes. The actions of several peptides are presented in detail. Some of them (growth hormone releasing hormone, ghrelin, galanin, neuropeptide Y) seem to promote sleep, whereas others (corticotropin, somatostatin) impair its continuity.

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“…Another study has shown that addition of progestins improved memory above what was obtained by estrogen alone. They conclude that the effect did not depend on improvement of mood since the latter worsened during the progestinic phase of EPT (Natale et al 2001).…”

Section: Mood and Cognitive Disturbancesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Role of androgens, progestins and tibolone in the treatment of menopausal symptoms: a review of the clinical evidence

Garefalakis

Hickey

2008

CIA

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Estrogen-containing hormone therapy (HT) is the most widely prescribed and wellestablished treatment for menopausal symptoms. High quality evidence confi rms that estrogen effectively treats hot fl ushes, night sweats and vaginal dryness. Progestins are combined with estrogen to prevent endometrial hyperplasia and are sometimes used alone for hot fl ushes, but are less effective than estrogen for this purpose. Data are confl icting regarding the role of androgens for improving libido and well-being. The synthetic steroid tibolone is widely used in Europe and Australasia and effectively treats hot fl ushes and vaginal dryness. Tibolone may improve libido more effectively than estrogen containing HT in some women. We summarize the data from studies addressing the effi cacy, benefi ts, and risks of androgens, progestins and tibolone in the treatment of menopausal symptoms.

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Exploration of cyclical changes in memory and mood in postmenopausal women taking sequential combined oestrogen and progestogen preparations

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Brain Regions Activated during an Auditory Discrimination Task in Insomniac Postmenopausal Patients before and after Hormone Replacement Therapy: Low-Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography Applied to Event-Related Potentials

Brain Regions Activated during an Auditory Discrimination Task in Insomniac Postmenopausal Patients before and after Hormone Replacement Therapy: Low-Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography Applied to Event-Related Potentials

Hormones, hormonal agents, and neuropeptides involved in the neuroendocrine regulation of sleep in humans

Role of androgens, progestins and tibolone in the treatment of menopausal symptoms: a review of the clinical evidence

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