Replacement of fish meal by rendered animal protein ingredients in feeds for cuneate drum (Nibea miichthioides)

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“…Our findings agree with several studies which demonstrated that both feather meal and blood meal are nutritionally adequate protein sources for many fish species (Davies et al, 1989;Wang et al, 2006). Compared to the fish meal fed group (diet P205A), whole body composition of seabream fed diets containing blood and feather meal differed only in lipid content, which was lower in the P205A diet group.…”

“…Several recent studies have shown that rendered animal protein ingredients, such as BM, FM, PBM and MBM are highly digestible and have good nutritive value for fish (Luzier et al, 1995;Bureau et al, 1999;Nengas et al, 1999;Bureau et al, 2000;Kureshy et al, 2000;Wang et al, 2006). Most studies have focused on the use of these ingredients individually, reporting incorporation levels of 5-25% (El-Haroun et al, 2009).…”

“…The majority of these secondary protein sources are a complex mixture of plant proteins sources that have proved efficient. Nevertheless, in animal nutrition a range of protein sources including meat and bone meals, blood meals (mainly from non-ruminant sources like porcine and avian derivatives) and avian by-products such as feather meals, that offer protein concentrates are currently considered to be effective substitutes for fish meal at appreciable levels in feeds (Webster et al, 1999;Kureshy et al, 2000;Wang et al, 2006;Glencross et al, 2007;Goda et al, 2007). In fact, animal protein sources not only perform better than plant protein in diets for carnivorous species (Hardy, 1998) but also complement certain plant protein ingredients (e.g., corn gluten meal and soybean meal).…”

“…Studies conducted recently have shown that rendered products are cost-effective sources of highly available amino acids, fatty acids and several other key nutrients (Wang et al, 2006) and unlike plant proteins they are relatively free of anti-nutritional factors. Among the animal by-products, blood meal (BM) is an alternative cheaper protein source and large quantities of which are still being wasted in abattoirs throughout the countries.…”

Replacement of fish meal by poultry by product meal, food grade, in diets for juvenile spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus

“…Mexico imports PBM with two quality grades defined by ash content. Of the two available grades, low-ash PBM is more suitable for the diet of carnivorous fish species, such as the snapper, due to its palatability, high protein content, total digestible dry matter, digestible protein and similar energy content compared to fish meal (Bureau et al, 1999;Zhou et al, 2004;NRC, 2011), making this ingredient a costeffective and valuable protein source for several marine species (El-Sayed, 1994;Quartararo et al, 1998;Nengas et al, 1999;Kureshy et al, 2000;Wang et al, 2006;Yigit et al, 2006;Shapawi et al, 2007).…”