Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression

Abstract

For MDD patients with 2 or more antidepressant treatment failures, rTMS is a reasonable, effective consideration.

BDNF blood levels after non-invasive brain stimulation interventions in major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…A meta-analysis found that rTMS is as effective as atypical antipsychotics (same NNT) in treatment-resistant depression (Gaynes et al 2014), while other meta-analysis suggested that rTMS has the same effi cacy of commonly available antidepressant drugs in depression (Schutter 2009). A recent meta-analysis suggested that ECT seems superior to rTMS, although the quality of the included studies was low (Ren et al 2014).…”

Rostral anterior cingulate cortex is a structural correlate of repetitive TMS treatment response in depression

“…Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for medication-refractory major depressive disorder [1], yet the mechanisms of action for this intervention are poorly understood. Studies have shown that rTMS treatment for depression may be associated with changes in serum markers (e.g.…”

Quetiapine and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ameliorate depression-like behaviors and up-regulate the proliferation of hippocampal-derived neural stem cells in a rat model of depression: The involvement of the BDNF/ERK signal pathway

“…A systematic review revealed that rTMS is an effective antidepressant treatment for adolescents with resistant depression (Donaldson et al, 2014). Although studies have found that the effectiveness of rTMS for some patients with depression is not obvious (Couturier, 2005), several randomized, controlled trials have reported that rTMS is effective in the treatment of depression or treatment-resistant depression (Berlim et al, 2011;Gaynes et al, 2014). Animal research has revealed that chronic rTMS increases hippocampal neurogenesis in rats (Ueyama et al, 2011), and the exposure of C57BL/6 mice to low-frequency electromagnetic fields results in improvements in hippocampus neurogenesis (Cuccurazzu et al, 2010).…”