“…This is also the case for haloperidol which has similar affinity for S1R and D 2 R, because reduced haloperidol retains high affinity for S1R, has drastically reduced affinity for D 2 R, and it lacks the D 2 R-mediated antipsychotic activity and side effects of the parent compound haloperidol (Ulrich et al, 1999). Atypical antipsychotic drugs like clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, and aripiprazole have been reported to increase BDNF mRNA and/or protein levels in vivo (Chen et al, 2015b; Dong et al, 2016; Fumagalli et al, 2003; Murphy et al, 2014; Park et al, 2006; Seo et al, 2015; Shioda et al, 2015). Though in the case of these atypical antipsychotic drugs, the effects on BDNF are likely not mediated via the S1R, since, for example, clozapine has essentially no affinity for the S1R (Lee et al, 2008).…”