Repetitive Application of Sunscreen Containing Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Human Skin

Coelho, Sergio G.; Patri, Anil K.; Wokovich, Anna M.; McNeil, Scott E.; Howard, Paul C.; Miller, Sharon A.

doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.5944

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Under dark‐field microscopy, silver NPs were detected as orange spots in the dermis of skin samples treated with both 5 and 100 nm NPs at the third week in the dermal regions, mainly around the hair follicles (Figure B). A recent study describing the dermal penetration of TiO 2 NPs showed that NPs are detected in the dermis, surrounding the hair follicle, which was quite similar to our results. However, we assume that a small amount of NPs might penetrate the dermis and affect mast cells, because our in vitro results showed that a sub‐lethal dose of silver NPs could activate mast cells.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

5 nm Silver Nanoparticles Amplify Clinical Features of Atopic Dermatitis in Mice by Activating Mast Cells

Kang

Kim

Lee

et al. 2016

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The triggering effect of silver nanoparticles (NPs) on the induction of allergic reactions is evaluated, by studying the activation of mast cells and the clinical features of atopic dermatitis in a mouse model. Granule release is induced in RBL-2H3 mast cells by 5 nm, but not 100 nm silver NPs. Increases in the levels of reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide and mitochondrial superoxide) and intracellular Ca in mast cells are induced by 5 nm silver NPs. In a mouse model of atopic dermatitis induced by a mite allergen, the skin lesions are more severe and appear earlier in mice treated simultaneously with 5 nm silver NPs and allergen compared with mice treated with allergen alone or 100 nm silver NPs and allergen. The histological findings reveal that number of tryptase-positive mast cells and total IgE levels in the serum increase in mice treated with 5 nm silver NPs and allergen. The results in this study indicate that cotreatment with 5 nm silver NPs stimulates mast cell degranulation and induces earlier and more severe clinical alterations in allergy-prone individuals.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

5 nm Silver Nanoparticles Amplify Clinical Features of Atopic Dermatitis in Mice by Activating Mast Cells

Kang

Kim

Lee

et al. 2016

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“…The limited nano‐TiO 2 skin penetration to the stratum corneum has been mostly confirmed by the updated literature, including a more recent individual study performed both in vitro and in vivo in rats and studies reported by the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), a part of the government health department, in their updated scientific review report concerning the safety of TiO 2 and ZnO nanoparticles in sunscreens in 2016 . The three studies reported by the Australian TGA that were published after the SCCS opinion were performed in vitro or in vivo in humans . The study performed in vitro and one of the studies performed in vivo in six subjects confirmed the limited nano‐TiO 2 skin penetration, which was not associated with diffusion into viable cells.…”

Section: Absorption and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The three studies reported by the Australian TGA that were published after the SCCS opinion were performed in vitro or in vivo in humans . The study performed in vitro and one of the studies performed in vivo in six subjects confirmed the limited nano‐TiO 2 skin penetration, which was not associated with diffusion into viable cells. However, the other studies performed in vivo in humans, which assessed repeated nano‐TiO 2 dermal exposure in two subjects, did not confirm these results .…”

Section: Absorption and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Safety of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in cosmetics

Dréno¹,

Chuberre

et al. 2019

Acad Dermatol Venereol

179

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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely used in a variety of products including cosmetics. TiO2 in its nanoparticle form (nano‐TiO2) is now the only form used as an ultraviolet (UV) filter in sunscreens, but also in some day creams, foundations and lip balms. While its efficacy as a UV filter is proven in the prevention of skin cancers and sunburns, some concerns have been raised about its safety. Indeed, considering its small size, nano‐TiO2 is suspected to penetrate dermal, respiratory or gastrointestinal barriers, disseminate in the body and therefore constitute a potential risk to the consumer. At the skin level, most studies performed in humans or animals showed that nano‐TiO2 did not penetrate beyond the outer layers of stratum corneum to viable cells and did not reach the general circulation, either in healthy or in compromised skin. The Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) considers nano‐TiO2 as a non‐sensitizer and as mild‐ or non‐irritant to skin and concludes in no evidence of carcinogenicity (supported by the European Chemicals Agency), mutagenicity or reproductive toxicity after dermal exposure to nano‐TiO2. According to the SCCS, nano‐TiO2 from sunscreens does not present any health risk when applied on the skin at a concentration up to 25%. However, the SCCS does not recommend the use of nano‐TiO2 in formulations that may lead to exposure of the consumer's lungs by inhalation (sprayable products and powders). Indeed, even if human data are sparse and inconsistent, lung inflammation was reported in animals. In 2016, the EU Cosmetic Regulation made nano‐TiO2 as an authorized UV filter, except in products that could lead to exposure of the lungs. After oral exposure, nano‐TiO2 absorption and toxicity are limited. The incidental oral exposure to nano‐TiO2 contained in lip balms is thus not expected to induce adverse health effects.

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“…In addition, the skin itself has an antioxidant mechanism that neutralizes the effects ROS . Current evidence suggests that the nanoparticles may lodge in hair follicles but do not penetrate into the dermis in an significant amount . At present, there is no evidence that there are any consequences on human health, although there are insufficient data on inflamed skin where the epidermal barrier function has been compromised.…”

Section: Photoprotection: Update On Current Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermatology today and tomorrow: from symptom control to targeted therapy

Blume-Peytavi

Bagot

Tennstedt

et al. 2018

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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For many decades and until recently, medical approach to dermatologic diseases has been based on the physician's ability to recognize and treat symptoms. Nowadays, advances in the understanding of the biology of diseases and in technologies for intervening against them have allowed physicians to diagnose and treat underlying disease processes rather than simply addressing the symptoms. This means that rather than addressing ‘the disease in humans’, physicians can now address the particular pathologic (biologic, molecular) disturbance as it presents in the individual patient, i.e., physicians now can practice something much closer to ‘personalized medicine’, leading to greater benefits for the patients and the health of society in general. The deeper understanding of ultraviolet radiation, the importance of photoprotection and increased knowledge about signalling pathways of melanoma and carcinoma have led to more complete care for the dermatologic patient. The current popularity for excessive exposure to the sun, without adequate application of the appropriate photoprotection remedies, is the origin of melanoma, but also for the weakening of the structure and functions of the skin. Indeed, fragility of the skin can affect humans around the world. In the senior population, this skin fragility is accompanied by pruritus, whereas atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory disease with highest prevalence in children and adolescents. Acne, the number one reason for dermatologic consultations worldwide, increases its prevalence in adolescents and in females. Senescent alopecia affects humans after menopause and andropause. The articles in this publication present an overview of the current advanced understanding of the diagnosis and therapeutic approaches in 6 fields of dermatology – dermatopaediatry and gerontodermatology, oncodermatology, hair loss, atopic dermatitis, photoprotection and acne – and thereby serve as a useful compendium of updated information and references for all healthcare professionals who see patients with presentations of the symptoms of these diseases.

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Repetitive Application of Sunscreen Containing Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Human Skin

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

5 nm Silver Nanoparticles Amplify Clinical Features of Atopic Dermatitis in Mice by Activating Mast Cells

5 nm Silver Nanoparticles Amplify Clinical Features of Atopic Dermatitis in Mice by Activating Mast Cells

Safety of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in cosmetics

Dermatology today and tomorrow: from symptom control to targeted therapy

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