Reperfusion injury to skeletal muscle affects primarily type II muscle fibers1

Chan, Rodney K.; Austen, William G.; Ibrahim, Shahrul I.; Ding, G.; Verna, N; Hechtman, Herbert B.; Moore, Francis D.

doi:10.1016/j.jss.2004.05.003

Cited by 63 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This group has been shown to have a lower percentage type IIa fibres, 19 and type II fibres are more susceptible to exercise-induced damage 20 and reperfusion injury. 21 Based on this we would have expected to see higher relative increases in CK in the black group; however, we observed the opposite. Higher resting concentrations of CK have been attributed to greater lean muscle mass although the literature is conflicting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Complement, immunoglobulin and creatine kinase response in black and white males after muscle-damaging exercise

McKune¹,

Semple

Smith

et al. 2009

S. Afr. j. sports med.

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Racial disparities have been demonstrated in athletic performance 1 and in the predisposition towards specific diseases.2 Immune/inflammatory pathways may be important in the pattern and/or progression of disease. 3,4 Research has demonstrated differences in the level of circulating immune/inflammatory markers as well as genotypic differences which may help to explain disease predisposition in specific racial groups. 3,4 In contrast, there is limited information relating to immune/inflammatory responses to exercise between racial groups. Such information is particularly relevant -strenuous exercise has been shown to alter immune/inflammatory responses predisposing athletes to infection and possibly injury, 5 which would ultimately impact on training and performance.Eccentric and/or strenuous unaccustomed exercise has been shown to elicit changes in skeletal muscle morphology.6 These changes are typically accompanied by increases in circulating creatine kinase (CK), local muscle swelling and soreness as well as alterations in circulating inflammatory markers such as leucocytes and cytokines. 7-9 Based on these observations, researchers have utilised exercise, particularly eccentrically biased exercise, to induce muscle damage and investigate immune/inflammatory sequelae.The key components of innate and adaptive immunity are the complement system and immunoglobulins, respectively. The complement system is composed of a number of proteins that are intricately involved in a variety of immune-related functions. Complement has been described as an important role player in cellular activation, chemotaxis, inflammation and clearance of immune complexes. [10][11][12] Immunoglobulins are crucial components of humoral immunity, having pathogen neutralisation and orIgInal research arTIcle complement, immunoglobulin and creatine kinase response in black and white males after muscle-damaging exercise abstract objectives. To determine the effect of eccentrically biased exercise and ethnic group on circulating levels of complement, immunoglobulin creatine kinase. Seven black and 8 white males (18 -22 years), active but untrained, participated in the study. Subjects performed a 60-minute downhill run on a treadmill (gradient -13.5%) at a speed eliciting 75% of their VO2 peak on a level grade. Venipunctures were performed before, immediately after and then at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours afterwards. Plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, serum complement (C3, C4) and immunoglobulin (total IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA) concentrations were compared using a repeated measures ANOVA.results. There was an interaction (p=0.0055) and ethnic group effect (p<0.0001) for CK activity with consistently higher levels in the black group. CK increased over time after the run, peaking at 12 h for both groups. C3, C4, total IgG, IgG1, IgG3, and IgA were significantly higher (ethnic group effect, p<0.001), and IgG2 significantly lower (ethnic group effect, p<0.001) in the black group. Significantly higher resting concentrations of total IgG...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Complement, immunoglobulin and creatine kinase response in black and white males after muscle-damaging exercise

McKune¹,

Semple

Smith

et al. 2009

S. Afr. j. sports med.

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“…Indeed, under certain conditions such as exposure to bupivacaine, the greater resistance to PTP opening observed in fast-glycolytic fibers could clearly contribute to explain why mitochondrial dysfunction and myotoxicity appear to be less important in these fibers than in those with a slow-twitch phenotype (45). On the other hand, the resistance of fast-glycolytic fibers to toxic insults is in apparent contradiction with the observation that type II fibers appear to be more affected than type I fibers in other pathological states such as ischemia-reperfusion (23,118) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (116), in which PTP opening plays a role in injury (19,27,69). A likely explanation for this phenomenon is that alterations in cellular factors that promote PTP opening are greater in fast fibers than in slow fibers as a result of these pathological states and overwhelm the capacity of mitochondria to resist to permeability transition.…”

Section: C634mentioning

confidence: 89%

Mitochondrial functional specialization in glycolytic and oxidative muscle fibers: tailoring the organelle for optimal function

Picard

Hepple

Burelle

2012

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

172

128

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Picard M, Hepple RT, Burelle Y. Mitochondrial functional specialization in glycolytic and oxidative muscle fibers: tailoring the organelle for optimal function. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 302: C629 -C641, 2012. First published October 26, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00368.2011In skeletal muscle, two major types of muscle fibers exist: slow-twitch oxidative (type I) fibers designed for low-intensity long-lasting contractions, and fast-twitch glycolytic (type II) fibers designed for high-intensity short-duration contractions. Such a wide range of capabilities has emerged through the selection across fiber types of a narrow set of molecular characteristics suitable to achieve a specific contractile phenotype. In this article we review evidence supporting the existence of distinct functional phenotypes in mitochondria from slow and fast fibers that may be required to ensure optimal muscle function. This includes differences with respect to energy substrate preferences, regulation of oxidative phosphorylation, dynamics of reactive oxygen species, handling of Ca 2ϩ , and regulation of cell death. The potential physiological implications on muscle function and the putative mechanisms responsible for establishing and maintaining distinct mitochondrial phenotype across fiber types are also discussed. mitochondria; reactive oxygen species; calcium retention capacity; oxidative capacity SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS are fantastic molecular and metabolic machines that have developed through evolution a large scope of contractile properties, ranging from slow contracting, lowpowered fibers designed for endurance, to fast contracting, high-powered fibers designed for short bursts of high-intensity work. Such a wide range of functional specialization has emerged through the selection across fiber types of optimal cytoarchitectural configurations, and expression of specific isoforms for most molecular components of myofibers including, among others, sarcomeres, excitation-contraction coupling machinery, and energy metabolism pathways. Importantly, in this process, evolution seems to have favored coadaptation whereby only a very narrow combination of molecular characteristics appear suitable to achieve a specific contractile phenotype (42).At the level of energy metabolism, one of the classical and distinctive features differentiating fiber types is mitochondrial volume density, slow twitch type I fibers typically displaying a two-to threefold higher mitochondrial density and substantially lower capacity for nonoxidative ATP synthesis compared with fast twitch type II fibers. While this difference in mitochondrial quantity was for a long time considered the main factor that varied substantially across fiber types, studies demonstrating the existence of fiber type-specific differences in mitochondrial respiratory properties, and in mechanisms coupling mitochondria to sites of ATP consumption, have progressively contributed to change this view.More recently, studies from our laboratory (79) and others (2) have shown that marked differences...

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“…Ischemia with reperfusion represents a general pathologic condition in which restoration of blood flow to hypoxic tissue leads to acute, severe inflammation (15). Although the precise mechanism for IR injury is unknown, studies in man (16), rodents (9,12,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23), and pigs (24) support a critical role for the complement system. One current hypothesis is that the complement system is activated by IgM deposited in the injured tissues, following the expression of neoepitopes on ischemic tissue for which circulating natural IgM has specificity (25).…”

Section: Bv-bviii and D)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate response to self-antigen significantly exacerbates burn wound depth

Suber

Carroll

Moore

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

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A major component of burn injury is caused by additional local damage from acute inflammation. Using a scald burn model in mice, we find that this part of the injury is dependent on recognition of self-antigen by specific natural IgM, leading to activation of the complement system. We propose that the depth of a burn wound is a sum of the thermal energy applied and of the degree of host inflammatory response.complement ͉ natural IgM ͉ trauma ͉ wound physiology

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Reperfusion injury to skeletal muscle affects primarily type II muscle fibers1

Cited by 63 publications

References 18 publications

Complement, immunoglobulin and creatine kinase response in black and white males after muscle-damaging exercise

Complement, immunoglobulin and creatine kinase response in black and white males after muscle-damaging exercise

Mitochondrial functional specialization in glycolytic and oxidative muscle fibers: tailoring the organelle for optimal function

Innate response to self-antigen significantly exacerbates burn wound depth

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