Repeated sprints with directional changes: do angles matter?

Buchheit, Martin; Haydar, Bachar; Ahmaı̈di, Saı̈d

doi:10.1080/02640414.2012.658079

Cited by 55 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These tests showed a strong association between them (Rankin & Stokes, 1998) and shared a 74% of variance. A low bias was also found by Buchheit et al (2012); this suggests that the new test is valid as much as the reference one, even whether there are differences and similarities in the metabolic demands and kinematics parameters (Buchheit et al, 2010). More specifically, we examined the relationship between RSA and IRSA ( Figure 3) and we found strong relationships between both tests (r = 0.86) for BT, WT and TT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Moreover, adding a change of direction revealed higher metabolic efforts (Buchheit, Bishop, Haydar, Nakamura, & Ahmaidi, 2010;Buglione & di Prampero, 2013;Morio et al, 2011;Padulo et al, 2014) while the angle chosen for the change of direction can also impact running performance and both physiological and perceptual responses (Buchheit, Haydar, & Ahmaidi, 2012;Dellal et al, 2010). It is then expected that an alternative test to RSA could more closely assess the muscular efficiency in basketball players and will be more in accord with the metabolic demand of the aforementioned sport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Repeated sprint ability in young basketball players: one vs. two changes of direction (Part 1)

Padulo

Laffaye

Haddad

et al. 2014

Journal of Sports Sciences

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The present study aimed to compare the changes of direction on repeated sprint ability (RSA) vs. intensive repeated sprint ability (IRSA) protocols in basketball. Eighteen young male basketball players performed on RSA [10 × 30-m (15 + 15-m, one change of direction)] and IRSA [10 × 30-m (10 + 10 + 10-m, two changes of direction)]. A correlation matrix between RSA, IRSA, "squat jump (SJ)-countermovement jump (CMJ)", footstep analysis and total distance in Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 was performed. The best time, worst time, total time and the number of footsteps were significantly smaller in the RSA test compared to IRSA test (P < 0.001), even though they were significantly correlated with each other (r > 0.80, P < 0.05). Blood lactate level and fatigue index did not show any difference between tests. The sensibility of the two tests assessed by the Bland-Altman analysis revealed a small bias (<1.5%) for almost all variables. Moreover, almost all time variables of the two tests were significantly correlated with the SJ (r > 0.478, P < 0.05), CMJ (r > 0.515, P < 0.05) and Yo-Yo (r > 0.489, P < 0.05) performances. The IRSA provided a reliable method for assessing specific sprint ability (with 10-m legs for IRSA ~2.3 s vs. 15 m for RSA ~3 s) with a closer link to basketball game's actions (~2 s). Besides, IRSA could be an appropriate choice for assessing both RSA and changes of direction capacities in basketball players.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Repeated sprint ability in young basketball players: one vs. two changes of direction (Part 1)

Padulo

Laffaye

Haddad

et al. 2014

Journal of Sports Sciences

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“…However, since in these latter studies, speed [12] or distance [16] was not adjusted for time lost while COD, the respective effect of COD per se could not be examined. When accounting specifically for COD abilities (i.e., accounting for the time lost while changing direction), repeated straight-line sprints appeared physiologically and perceptually more demanding than sprints with 90° and 135°-COD [17]. However, in this latter study [17], measures were limited to HR and RPE, which prevent from drawing definitive conclusions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of direction during high-intensity intermittent runs: neuromuscular and metabolic responses

Hader

Méndez-Villanueva

Ahmaı̈di

et al. 2014

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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BackgroundThe ability to sustain brief high-intensity intermittent efforts (HIE) is meant to be a major attribute for performance in team sports. Adding changes of direction to HIE is believed to increase the specificity of training drills with respect to game demands. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of 90°-changes of direction (COD) during HIE on metabolic and neuromuscular responses.MethodsEleven male, team sport players (30.5 ± 3.6 y) performed randomly HIE without (straight-line, 2×[10× 22 m]) or with (2×[10× ~16.5 m]) two 90°-COD. To account for the time lost while changing direction, the distance for COD runs during HIE was individually adjusted using the ratio between straight-line and COD sprints. Players also performed 2 countermovement (CMJ) and 2 drop (DJ) jumps, during and post HIE. Pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2), quadriceps and hamstring oxygenation, blood lactate concentration (Δ[La]b), electromyography amplitude (RMS) of eight lower limb muscles and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured for each condition.ResultsDuring HIE, CODs had no substantial effects on changes in VO2, oxygenation, CMJ and DJ performance and RPE (all differences in the changes rated as unclear). Conversely, compared with straight-line runs, COD-runs were associated with a possibly higher Δ[La]b (+9.7 ± 10.4%, with chances for greater/similar/lower values of 57/42/0%) and either a lower (i.e., −11.9 ± 14.6%, 2/13/85 for semitendinosus and −8.5 ± 9.3%, 1/21/78 for lateral gastrocnemius) or equivalent decrease in electromyography amplitude.ConclusionAdding two 90°-CODs on adjusted distance during two sets of HIE is likely to elicit equivalent decreases in CMJ and DJ height, and similar cardiorespiratory and perceptual responses, despite a lower average running speed. A fatigue-induced modification in lower limb control observed with CODs may have elicited a selective reduction of electromyography activity in hamstring muscles and may induce, in turn, a potential mechanical loss of knee stability. Therefore, changing direction during HIE, with adjusted COD running distances, might be an effective training practice 1) to manipulate some components of the acute physiological load of HIE, 2) to promote long-term COD-specific neuromuscular adaptations aimed at improving performance and knee joint stability.

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“…A few previous studies have compared the physiological response to straight-line running with the response to shuttle running [12]–[15]. These studies showed that the inclusion of COD during submaximal [14] and high-intensity [13] running created a greater physiological demand (higher oxygen uptake [VO 2 ]), heart rate [HR] and blood lactate [La]) than forward running without CODs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Running Velocity and the Energy Cost of Turning during Running

et al. 2014

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Ball game players frequently perform changes of direction (CODs) while running; however, there has been little research on the physiological impact of CODs. In particular, the effect of running velocity on the physiological and energy demands of CODs while running has not been clearly determined. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between running velocity and the energy cost of a 180°COD and to quantify the energy cost of a 180°COD. Nine male university students (aged 18–22 years) participated in the study. Five shuttle trials were performed in which the subjects were required to run at different velocities (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 km/h). Each trial consisted of four stages with different turn frequencies (13, 18, 24 and 30 per minute), and each stage lasted 3 minutes. Oxygen consumption was measured during the trial. The energy cost of a COD significantly increased with running velocity (except between 7 and 8 km/h, p = 0.110). The relationship between running velocity and the energy cost of a 180°COD is best represented by a quadratic function (y = −0.012+0.066x +0.008x2, [r = 0.994, p = 0.001]), but is also well represented by a linear (y = −0.228+0.152x, [r = 0.991, p<0.001]). These data suggest that even low running velocities have relatively high physiological demands if the COD frequency increases, and that running velocities affect the physiological demands of CODs. These results also showed that the energy expenditure of COD can be evaluated using only two data points. These results may be useful for estimating the energy expenditure of players during a match and designing shuttle exercise training programs.

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Repeated sprints with directional changes: do angles matter?

Cited by 55 publications

References 29 publications

Repeated sprint ability in young basketball players: one vs. two changes of direction (Part 1)

Repeated sprint ability in young basketball players: one vs. two changes of direction (Part 1)

Changes of direction during high-intensity intermittent runs: neuromuscular and metabolic responses

The Relationship between Running Velocity and the Energy Cost of Turning during Running

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