Repeated Oronasal Exposure to Lipopolysaccharide Induced Mucosal IgA Responses in Periparturient Dairy Cows

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of repeated oronasal treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the humoral immune responses in saliva, vaginal mucus, and the plasma markers of the acute phase response in periparturient dairy cows. One hundred pregnant Holstein cows were administered either 3 increasing doses of LPS (n = 50) as follows: 1) 0.01 µg/kg body weight (BW) on d −28, 2) 0.05 µg/kg BW on d −25, and −21, and 3) 0.1 µg/kg BW on d −18, and −14, or sterile saline solution (controls; n = 50) oronasally for 3 consecutive wk starting at 28 d before parturition. Intensive sampling was conducted on thirty cows (n = 15/group). Multiple saliva, vaginal mucus and blood samples were collected around parturition and analyzed for total immunoglobulin-(Ig)A, plasma serum amyloid A (SAA), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), anti-LPS IgA, IgG, IgM, tumour necrosis factor(TNF)-α, and interleukin(IL)-1. Results regarding total secretory IgA (sIgA) antibodies showed greater concentrations in the saliva and an overall tendency for higher total sIgA in the vaginal mucus of the LPS-treated cows. Treatment had no effect on plasma sIgA, IgG, IgM anti-LPS antibodies, haptoglobin, SAA, LBP, TNF-α, and IL-1. Treatments by time interactions were observed for SAA and IL-1 with lowered concentrations of both variables in the plasma of LPS-treated cows after parturition. Overall, repeated oronasal LPS treatment clearly enhanced total sIgA antibodies in the saliva, stimulated their production in vaginal mucus shortly before calving, and lowered plasma IL-1 around parturition, but showed limited effects on markers of the acute phase response in the plasma in dairy cows around parturition.

Association between endotoxin levels in dust from indoor swine housing environments and the immune responses of pigs

“…Moreover, high endotoxin exposure markedly decreased the plasma IgA levels in pigs. The lower IgA levels may reflect the prolonged exposure to endotoxin: Iqbal et al [ 15 ] showed that prolonged endotoxin exposure induces mucosal IgA responses, thereby causing serum IgA molecules to transit from the blood to the mucosal membranes. Notably, Daiwen et al [ 8 ] reported that when weanling pigs are experimentally injected with LPS, their serum IgG, IgM, and IgA levels are unchanged.…”

Polyvalent Bacterial Lysate with Potential Use to Treatment and Control of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections

“…In animal models, it has been demonstrated that the capacity of LPS administered orally and intranasally to conduct a humoral response mainly by IgA, the immunoglobulin is important in the response for the neutralization of urinary pathogens during infection [ 62 , 63 , 64 ]. This work shows the immune recognition of LPS by systemic antibodies and the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which shows the relevance of this molecule with great structural diversity to the different strains of E. coli that have the UNAM-HIMFG lysate, which, as has been reported, is relevant to the modulatory response of the host infection [ 22 , 30 , 48 , 52 , 63 ].…”