Repeated Exposure Inhalation Study of Pentane in Rats

Stadler, Judith C.; O'Neill, Arthur J; Elliott, Glenn S.; Kennedy, Gerald L.

doi:10.1081/dct-100102602

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In vivo, pentane itself has been shown to be a nontoxic and a nonimmunogenic molecule. 16,17 On the other hand, sucrose is native to the body environment and is utilized by the cells as fructose and glucose found naturally in the tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascularization and tissue infiltration of a biodegradable polyurethane matrix

Ganta

Piesco

Long

et al. 2002

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Urethanes are frequently used in biomedical applications because of their excellent biocompatibility. However, their use has been limited to bioresistant polyurethanes. The aim of this study was to develop a nontoxic biodegradable polyurethane and to test its potential for tissue compatibility. A matrix was synthesized with pentane diisocyanate (PDI) as a hard segment and sucrose as a hydroxyl group donor to obtain a microtextured spongy urethane matrix. The matrix was biodegradable in an aqueous solution at 37°C in vitro as well as in vivo. The polymer was mechanically stable at body temperatures and exhibited a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 67°C. The porosity of the polymer network was between 10 and 2000 µm, with the majority of pores between 100 and 300 µm in diameter. This porosity was found to be adequate to support the adherence and proliferation of bone-marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and chondrocytes in vitro. The degradation products of the polymer were nontoxic to cells in vitro. Subdermal implants of the PDI-sucrose matrix did not exhibit toxicity in vivo and did not induce an acute inflammatory response in the host. However, some foreign-body giant cells did accumulate around the polymer and in its pores, suggesting its degradation is facilitated by hydrolysis as well as by giant cells. More important, subdermal implants of the polymer allowed marked infiltration of vascular and connective tissue, suggesting the free flow of fluids and nutrients in the implants. Because of the flexibility of the mechanical strength that can be obtained in urethanes and because of the ease with which a porous microtexture can be achieved, this matrix may be useful in many tissueengineering applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascularization and tissue infiltration of a biodegradable polyurethane matrix

Ganta

Piesco

Long

et al. 2002

J Biomedical Materials Res

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“…There have also been repeated dose studies in which it has been demonstrated through gross and pathological examinations that repeated exposure to pentanes has no effects on reproductive organs (Galvin and Marashi 1999c, Kim et al 2012, Stadler et al 2001). …”

Section: Reproductive Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential for n-pentane to cause repeated dose toxicity following exposure by inhalation was assessed in 14-day (Stadler et al 2001) and 90-day (Kim et al 2012) toxicity studies. In the 14-day study, rats were exposed by inhalation 6 hours/day and 5 days/week for two weeks at levels of 1000, 3000, or 10000 ppm (2941, 8824, or 29412 mg/ m 3 ).…”

Section: Repeated Dose Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents

McKee

Adenuga

Carrillo

2015

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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Hydrocarbon solvents are liquid hydrocarbon fractions derived from petroleum processing streams, containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms, with carbon numbers ranging from approximately C5-C20 and boiling between approximately 35-370°C. Many of the hydrocarbon solvents have complex and variable compositions with constituents of 4 types, alkanes (normal paraffins, isoparaffins, and cycloparaffins) and aromatics (primarily alkylated one-and tworing species). Because of the compositional complexity, hydrocarbon solvents are now identified by a nomenclature ("the naming convention") that describes them in terms of physical/ chemical properties and compositional elements. Despite the compositional complexity, most hydrocarbon solvent constituents have similar toxicological properties, and the overall toxicological hazards can be characterized in generic terms. To facilitate hazard characterization, the solvents were divided into 9 groups (categories) of substances with similar physical and chemical properties. Hydrocarbon solvents can cause chemical pneumonitis if aspirated into the lung, and those that are volatile can cause acute CNS effects and/or ocular and respiratory irritation at exposure levels exceeding occupational recommendations. Otherwise, there are few toxicologically important effects. The exceptions, n-hexane and naphthalene, have unique toxicological properties, and those solvents containing constituents for which classification is required under the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) are differentiated by the substance names. Toxicological information from studies of representative substances was used to fulfill REACH registration requirements and to satisfy the needs of the OECD High Production Volume (HPV) initiative. As shown in the examples provided, the hazard characterization data can be used for hazard classification and for occupational exposure limit recommendations. Introduction Scope and purpose of the documentThe present document summarizes information on the physical/ chemical properties and toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents and provides examples of the ways in which the information on hazard characterization can be used for hazard classification and to set occupational exposure limits. Many of the toxicological studies were published separately, but the results are summarized herein and referenced in the appendices.Hydrocarbon solvents are liquid hydrocarbon fractions that are primarily produced by the distillation of petroleum feed stocks or their synthetic analogs (e.g., Fischer-Tropsch derived materials), sometimes followed by additional processing steps such as solvent extraction, hydrodesulfurization, or hydrogenation. 1 Most hydrocarbon solvents are complex substances with variable compositions and are best described as UVCB 2 (unknown and variable composition) substances, but some are single constituent (mono-constituent) substances. The complex and variable nature of these solvents is the consequence of their manufacturing processes. In short, most hydroca...

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“…However, due to the presence of enzymes such as deaminases in the tissues, the possibility of further degradation of 1,5‐diamino 2‐methylpentane into pentane hydrocarbons cannot be ruled out. In vivo , pentane itself has been shown to be a nontoxic and a nonimmunogenic molecule 16, 17. On the other hand, sucrose is native to the body environment and is utilized by the cells as fructose and glucose found naturally in the tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of smooth muscle calponin in tumor vessels of human hepatocellular carcinoma and its possible association with prognosis

Sasaki

Yamamura

Kawakami

et al. 2002

Cancer

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So gut wie unschuldig: In photobiophysikalischen Studien zu Häm‐Eisen‐Nitrosylkomplexen ähnelten die Absorptionsspektren der sechsfach koordinierten Komplexe mit NO und Met oder Cys denjenigen des fünffach koordinierten Fe‐Häm(NO)+‐Komplexions. Weil die Absorptionsspektren verwandter Proteine mit Histidin als proximalem Ligand denen der gasförmigen Komplexe ähnlich sind, übt die Protein‐Mikroumgebung nur einen geringen Effekt auf den energieärmsten Übergang des Porphyrinmakrocyclus aus.

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Repeated Exposure Inhalation Study of Pentane in Rats

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Vascularization and tissue infiltration of a biodegradable polyurethane matrix

Vascularization and tissue infiltration of a biodegradable polyurethane matrix

Characterization of the toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents

Expression of smooth muscle calponin in tumor vessels of human hepatocellular carcinoma and its possible association with prognosis

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