Repeated annual influenza vaccination and vaccine effectiveness: review of evidence

Belongia, Edward A.; Skowronski, Danuta M.; McLean, Huong Q.; Chambers, Catharine; Sundaram, Maria E.; Serres, Gaston De

doi:10.1080/14760584.2017.1334554

Cited by 219 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The positive VE of previous season vaccination only in the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 season analysis suggests a potential residual effect of vaccination against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in these seasons. This observation is in line with two recent meta‐analysis and with the stable influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 VE by time since vaccination observed in the I‐MOVE MCCS from 2010/2011 to 2015/2016 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Several observational studies and meta‐analyses have reported inconsistent results of the effect of previous vaccination on current season influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) . Some suggest that previous vaccination may reduce the effectiveness of vaccination in the current season .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the frequent changes of the genetic and antigenic characteristics of the circulating influenza strains and of those included in the vaccines, data from multiple seasons are needed to measure the potential effects of previous vaccinations and to explore the possible mechanism(s) that may explain such effects …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The indicator analysis additionally gives information on the potential residual protection of the previous season vaccination and the combined protection of current and previous season vaccination, compared to the reference group. This reference group “unvaccinated in both seasons” may consist of a population that is quite different from the other categories of individuals who have been vaccinated, making controlling for confounding challenging . Therefore, we present also the stratified analysis, where the stratum of those with previous vaccination indicates the extra protection the current vaccination may have, compared to residual effects of previous vaccination, while controlling adequately for previous vaccination history.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the effect of previous inactivated influenza vaccination on seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness against medically attended influenza: Results of the European I‐MOVE multicentre test‐negative case‐control study, 2011/2012‐2016/2017

Valenciano¹,

Kissling²,

Larrauri

et al. 2018

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundResults of previous influenza vaccination effects on current season influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) are inconsistent.ObjectivesTo explore previous influenza vaccination effects on current season VE among population targeted for vaccination.MethodsWe used 2011/2012 to 2016/2017 I‐MOVE primary care multicentre test‐negative data. For each season, we compared current season adjusted VE (aVE) between individuals vaccinated and unvaccinated in previous season. Using unvaccinated in both seasons as a reference, we then compared aVE between vaccinated in both seasons, current only, and previous only.ResultsWe included 941, 2645 and 959 influenza‐like illness patients positive for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B, respectively, and 5532 controls. In 2011/2012, 2014/2015 and 2016/2017, A(H3N2) aVE point estimates among those vaccinated in previous season were −68%, −21% and −19%, respectively; among unvaccinated in previous season, these were 33%, 48% and 46%, respectively (aVE not computable for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B). Compared to current season vaccination only, VE for both seasons' vaccination was (i) similar in two of four seasons for A(H3N2) (absolute difference [ad] 6% and 8%); (ii) lower in three of four seasons for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (ad 18%, 26% and 29%), in two seasons for influenza A(H3N2) (ad 27% and 39%) and in two of three seasons for influenza B (ad 26% and 37%); (iii) higher in one season for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (ad 20%) and influenza B (ad 24%).ConclusionsWe did not identify any pattern of previous influenza vaccination effect. Prospective cohort studies documenting influenza infections, vaccinations and vaccine types are needed to understand previous influenza vaccinations' effects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Exploring the effect of previous inactivated influenza vaccination on seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness against medically attended influenza: Results of the European I‐MOVE multicentre test‐negative case‐control study, 2011/2012‐2016/2017

Valenciano¹,

Kissling²,

Larrauri

et al. 2018

Influenza Resp Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, there have been concerns about vaccine-mediated enhancement of disease, for example, due to pulmonary immunopathology upon challenge with SARS-CoV (Tseng et al, 2012). Moreover, even once a vaccine is approved for human use, high virus mutation rates mean that new vaccines may need to be developed for each outbreak, similarly to the situation with new annual influenza vaccines (Belongia et al, 2017). Below, I describe an alternative option which, if proven to be effective, would allow a rapid application in the clinic.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiotensin receptor blockers as tentative SARS‐CoV‐2 therapeutics

Genevieve

2020

Drug Development Research

713

706

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At the time of writing this commentary (February 2020), the coronavirus COVID-19 epidemic has already resulted in more fatalities compared with the SARS and MERS coronavirus epidemics combined. Therapeutics that may assist to contain its rapid spread and reduce its high mortality rates are urgently needed. Developing vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus may take many months. Moreover, vaccines based on viral-encoded peptides may not be effective against future coronavirus epidemics, as virus mutations could make them futile. Indeed, new Influenza virus strains emerge every year, requiring new immunizations. A tentative suggestion based on existing therapeutics, which would likely be resistant to new coronavirus mutations, is to use available angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1R) blockers, such as losartan, as therapeutics for reducing the aggressiveness and mortality from SARS-CoV-2 virus infections. This idea is based on observations that the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) very likely serves as the binding site for SARS-CoV-2, the strain implicated in the current COVID-19 epidemic, similarly to strain SARS-CoV implicated in the 2002-2003 SARS epidemic. This commentary elaborates on the idea of considering AT1Rblockers as tentative treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infections, and proposes a research direction based on datamining of clinical patient records for assessing its feasibility.

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Repeated Vaccination May Protect Children From Influenza Infection

Cobey

2018

JAMA Netw Open

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Influenza infections in children are problematic not only for the immediate symptoms they cause but also for their potentially large contribution to influenza infections in other age groups. Since 2008, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices has recommended that all children at least 6 months old be vaccinated annually against influenza. By historical standards, vaccination coverage in children in the United States is high, with nearly 60% of children younger than age 18 years and 76% of children aged 6 to 23 months receiving an influenza vaccine in the 2016-2017 season. 1 Vaccination coverage in children has also expanded in the United Kingdom, where indirect benefits on other age groups have been observed. 2 The recent expansion of vaccination coverage has coincided with increased attention to the vexing problem of why the vaccine is not more effective, and especially to scattered observations that the vaccine may be less effective in frequent recipients. 3 Although many analyses of repeated vaccination included children in their study populations, they were underpowered to examine effects by age, and their statistical conclusions were inevitably heavily influenced by adults. Young children and adults can respond to vaccines differently, however, partly because they share different exposure histories. The study by McLean et al 4 fills an important gap by measuring the association of repeated vaccination with vaccine effectiveness in children. From the 2013-2014 to the 2015-2016 seasons, the investigators enrolled 3369 children presenting with an acute respiratory illness at 4 sites in the United States. Using a retrospective, test-negative case-control design, the authors then estimated the ratio of vaccinated to unvaccinated children among the influenza test-positive cases and the same ratio among the influenza test-negative cases. The ratio of these ratios yields the exposure odds ratio of vaccination associated with being an influenza case and is one measure of vaccine effectiveness. The authors examined whether vaccine effectiveness changed with individuals' recent histories of influenza vaccination while adjusting for sex, age group, and other factors.In no case was repeated vaccination associated with lower effectiveness than vaccination in the current season only. In other words, there was no evidence of diminished vaccine effectiveness in frequent vaccinees, even though the study included seasons in which such effects had been reported elsewhere. But there were intriguing differences in the effects of vaccination history by type. For influenza B, vaccination at any time-this season, last season, or both-was associated with similar effectiveness. This points to a high degree of residual protection for the B component of both the live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) and inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV), which the study was able to examine separately. For influenza A(H3N2), prior vaccination appeared to enhance the effectiveness of LAIV. In this study influenza A(H3N2) cases occurred pri...

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Repeated annual influenza vaccination and vaccine effectiveness: review of evidence

Cited by 219 publications

References 60 publications

Exploring the effect of previous inactivated influenza vaccination on seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness against medically attended influenza: Results of the European I‐MOVE multicentre test‐negative case‐control study, 2011/2012‐2016/2017

Exploring the effect of previous inactivated influenza vaccination on seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness against medically attended influenza: Results of the European I‐MOVE multicentre test‐negative case‐control study, 2011/2012‐2016/2017

Angiotensin receptor blockers as tentative SARS‐CoV‐2 therapeutics

Repeated Vaccination May Protect Children From Influenza Infection

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