Repeated administration of almonds increases brain acetylcholine levels and enhances memory function in healthy rats while attenuates memory deficits in animal model of amnesia

Batool, Zehra; Sadir, Sadia; Liaquat, Laraib; Tabassum, Saiqa; Madiha, Syeda; Rafiq, Sahar; Tariq, Sumayya; Batool, Tuba Sharf; Saleem, Sadia; Naqvi, Fizza; Perveen, Tahira; Haider, Saida

doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.11.001

Cited by 80 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Increases in hippocampal and frontal cortex acetylcholine release were demonstrated to improve memory function (DeKosky et al, ). A previous study reported that increased acetylcholine in the hippocampus and frontal cortex during behavioral analysis in an animal model improved memory function following the administration of almond extract (Batool et al, ). Similar to earlier reports, the current study found an increase in acetylcholine content in the hippocampus ( p > .05) and frontal cortex ( p < .05) in the SS‐supplemented groups in a dose‐dependent manner compared with the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The cholinergic system plays a major role in regulating the memory function; therefore dysfunction of the cholinergic system is directly related with cognitive dysfunction including alterations in neurotransmitters and their receptors (Batool et al, ). Acetylcholine synthesized by choline acetyl transferase in neurons and hydrolyzed by acetyl choline transferase after its release, is essential to memory processes (Borges et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, choline restriction reduces and diminishes the production of AcCh in cholinergic neurons, which leads to memory impairment in humans (Moreno et al, ). Adequate concentrations of choline in the diet and brain are thought to be protective against cognitive decline (Batool et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective effects ofStachys sieboldiiMIQ extract in SK-N-SH cells and its memory ameliorative effect in mice

et al. 2017

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This work aims to evaluate the potential effect of Stachys sieboldii MIQ (SS) against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in SK‐N‐SH cells and memory enhancement in ICR mice using the passive avoidance test. The effect of SS in cell proliferation was measured by BrdU incorporation assay with dosages of SS from 0 to 2 mg/mL. SS partially antagonized the effect of 150 μM H2O2 on cell proliferation. In vivo study, SS (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg) was administered orally to mice for 4 weeks. SS led to a significantly longer step‐through latency time compared to control mice. Memory enhancing effect of SS (500 mg/kg) was also observed in amnesia model, SS escalate the fear memory (p < .05), increase acetylcholine and choline acetyl transferase level in hippocampus and cortex than nontreated group. These results suggest that SS can be used to manage memory related disorders in animals. Practical applications Acetylcholine is a cholinergic neurotransmitter known for its various medicinal properties, reducing dementia, depression, cancer, inflammation, and is also required to build muscles in the human body. Hence, the development of a choline‐rich source is of great interest. SS is a good source for vitamins especially vitamin B complex, which is a major precursor for choline synthesis in human. Therefore, this study investigates the memory enhancement effects of Stachys sieboldii MIQ (SS), a choline‐rich plant, in SK‐N‐SH cells and an in vivo animal model. SK‐N‐SH cells and mice treated with SS exhibited memory ameliorative effects. This study sheds light on using plant‐based products as potential functional foods and nutraceuticals for cognition improvement. The results of this study could serve as a foundation for further research on SS extract as a source of choline and promotes the consumption of Stachys sieboldii on a large scale.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective effects ofStachys sieboldiiMIQ extract in SK-N-SH cells and its memory ameliorative effect in mice

et al. 2017

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“…It has been fully demonstrated that the cholinergic system plays a key role in learning and memory processes(26). In particular, disruption of cholinergic activity impairs cognitive function both in animal and human subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of acute and long term potassium bromide administration on spatial working memory in rat

2017

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Potassium bromide (KBr), an old antiepileptic agent, is illegally used in pharmaceutical or food industries to improve the product appearance. KBr has been proven to influence several pathways which are important in memory formation. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of KBr on spatial working memory using object recognition task (ORT). Rats received a single dose of KBr (50, 100 or 150 mg/kg), per oral, in acute treatment. KBr long term effects were also studied in animals receiving 50 mg/kg/day of KBr for 28 consecutive days. At the end of treatments, animals underwent two trials of ORT, five min each. In the first trial (T1), animals encountered with two identical objects for exploration. After 1 h, the animals were exposed to a familiar and an unfamiliar object (T2). The exploration times for discrimination (D) and recognition (R) as well as the frequency of exploration for any objects were determined. Acute administration of 150 mg/kg of KBr significantly decreased the discrimination and recognition indices (RI and DI) (P < 0.01) compared to the control. However, lower doses failed to influence the animals’ performance in the test. In addition, long term administration of KBr remarkably diminished the DI and RI and the frequency of exploration (P < 0.05). The results of this study indicate that acute doses of KBr as high as 150 mg/kg are required to hamper memory function in ORT. However, cognitive impairment occured with lower doses of KBr when the duration of treatment is extended.

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“…Almonds and walnuts were purchased from the local super market, peeled and finely crushed into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle. Suspensions of finely crushed almonds and walnuts were freshly prepared in deionized water and administered at a dose of 400 mg/kg/day to almond and walnut groups, respectively (Batool et al, 2016;Haider et al, 2018). Cadmium rats were intoxicated with cadmium by giving oral CdCl 2 at a dose of 50 mg/kg once per week.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of cadmium-induced neurotoxicity in rats by essential nutrients present in nuts

Batool¹,

Agha²,

Tabassum³

et al. 2019

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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Cadmium, a heavy metal with no physiological function in the human body, is considered a bio-hazard. It is also considered to be a potent neurotoxin. The primary sources of cadmium exposure are diet and cigarette smoke. It has been postulated that nutritional deficiencies can increase the risk of cadmium toxicity. Nuts provide essential nutrients which are necessary for the maintenance of brain health in humans. The present study was designed to investigate the possible protective effects of almond and walnut supplementation on cadmium-induced neurotoxicity. Cadmium was orally administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg weekly with or without the supplementation of almond and walnut in rats. Intensities of depression-and anxiety-related behaviors were assessed by the forced swim test and light/dark transition test, respectively. Memory function was also evaluated by the elevated plus maze, Morris water maze and novel object recognition task. After four weeks of treatment it was observed that cadmium administration significantly induced depressogenic and anxiogenic behaviors. Memory function was also impaired by cadmium administration. Cadmium-treated rats exhibited reduced noradrenalin, dopamine and serotonin levels in the brain, whereas the levels of their respective metabolites were significantly increased. The dietary supplementation of almond and walnut at a dose of 400 mg/kg/day significantly attenuated cadmium-induced depression, anxiety and memory impairments. Neurochemical aberrations also normalized following supplementation with these nuts in rats. The present study demonstrates that long-term supplementation with almond and walnut provides essential nutrients which may overcome nutritional deficiencies and thereby reduce heavy-metal intoxication.

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Repeated administration of almonds increases brain acetylcholine levels and enhances memory function in healthy rats while attenuates memory deficits in animal model of amnesia

Cited by 80 publications

References 53 publications

Protective effects ofStachys sieboldiiMIQ extract in SK-N-SH cells and its memory ameliorative effect in mice

Protective effects ofStachys sieboldiiMIQ extract in SK-N-SH cells and its memory ameliorative effect in mice

Effect of acute and long term potassium bromide administration on spatial working memory in rat

Prevention of cadmium-induced neurotoxicity in rats by essential nutrients present in nuts

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