Repeat low order caesarean delivery, risk factors for complications: A retrospective, longitudinal study

Abstract

One-third of cesarean deliveries (CDs) are repeat operations, of which the majority are low-order, second (CD2) and third (CD3). The study objectives were to identify risk factors for a complicated maternal CD among women undergoing a repeat low-order CD and to develop a predictive model for at-risk women. A retrospective longitudinal follow-up study was conducted in a single medical center, during 2005–2016. Women who underwent both CD2 and CD3 at the site were included. Those with placenta accreta or a caesarean hysterectomy were excluded. A composite complicated maternal CD was defined by either uterine rupture/dehiscence, blood transfusion, relaparotomy, admission to the intensive care unit or prolonged operative time >90th percentile. Data was analyzed comparing between CD2 to CD3, each woman served as her own control. Univariate analysis followed by a multivariate logistic regression modeling were performed with an OR of 95% CI defining significance. The study group comprised of 1,331 women. A complicated CD occurred in 159 (12%) vs. 226 (17%) of CD2 vs. CD3 respectively, (p<0.001). Women with a complicated CD2 were at higher risk for complications in CD3, aOR 2.3 (95% CI 1.5, 3.3). Sub-Saharan African origin and preterm delivery at CD3 were both risk factors for a complicated CD3, aOR 3.7 (95% CI 1.9, 7.3) and aOR 1.7 (95% CI 1.1, 2.7), respectively. The multivariate regression model included 1328 cases, was statistically significant, χ2(7) = 50.760, p <0.001, explained 6.3% of the variance of composite complicated maternal CD3 and correctly classified 82.9% of cases. Although a complicated CD2, Sub-Saharan African origin and preterm delivery are risk factors for maternal complications in CD3, it is hard to predict which specific women will experience complications. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of a complicated CD2 for detecting complications in CD3 were 21%, 90%, 30% and 85% respectively.

Features of the Physiology of the Postpartum Period After Caesarean Section

“…A woman's lifestyle and, as a result, her physical, psycho-emotional and social state after childbirth undergo fundamental changes [14,18]. There is an increase in the load against the background of physical exhaustion or weakening due to pregnancy.…”

“…Optimizing the quality of life, creating positive emotions in order to provide an optimal psychophysical environment for the emotional and personal development of a child and the functioning of a woman are important tasks for improving the effectiveness of existing postpartum care. Therefore, we believe that, given the importance of non-medicinal methods of influencing the body, physical therapy is important in the prevention and correction of a woman's psychophysiological condition, and is a powerful factor in improving the body's self-regulation processes at all its levels [17,18,19].…”

Justification of Features Rehabilitation Interventions During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period

“…Крім інтраопераційних ризиків (наприклад, інфекція, пошкодження органів або потреба в переливанні крові [39,40]), багато побічних ефектів можуть виникнути після пологів: наприклад, тромбоемболічні ускладнення [41]. Зокрема, існують ускладнення, пов'язані з пізніми вагітностями: розрив матки, безпліддя або аномалії плаценти, такі як передлежання, врощення та пророщення плаценти [42,43,44].…”