Repairing Effects of Aqueous Extract of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lmk) Pers. on Lupus Nephritis Mice

Abstract

Kalanchoe pinnata (Lmk) Pers (KP) has an immunosuppressive effect on delayed-type hypersensitivity test. Based on it, this research aimed to determine the repairing effects of aqueous extract of KP on lupus nephritis mice and identified its active compound. The KP extract profile was determined using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS instrument. We examined six mice groups consisting of three curative treatment groups, one standard group receiving prednisone, one preventive group receiving KP extract, and one healthy (healthy and untreated) group. At the end of the experiment, we measured the proteinuria and renal histology parameters. To recognize the active compound in the KP profile, we performed in silico assays for the flavonoid compounds to bind to the glucocorticoid receptor. We played in silico tests for the flavonoid compounds to identify the active compound in the KP profile. We found the repairing effect of KP was detected in the kidney, demonstrated by its low proteinuria level and its better tissue structure. In the curative group, the urine protein level and its glomerular inflammation decreased. In the preventive group, the aqueous extract of KP could prevent lupus nephritis manifestations in the kidney. Bryophyllin A is the most active compound of the KP. However, further research is needed to understand the mechanism involved. We conclude, the aqueous extract, especially its bryophyllin A, have beneficial effects in repairing the function and tissue structure of lupus manifestations in mice kidney.

Effects of <b><i>Bryophyllum pinnatum</i></b> Administration on Wistar Rat Pregnancy: Biochemical and Histological Aspects

“…For the blood chemistry assay, the selected parameters were glucose, liver enzymes (ALT, AST), and renal function markers (urea, creatinine), as several studies have shown that B. pinnatum has antidiabetic/hypoglycemic activity [4,22,23]. Other studies have also reported hepatoprotective [12,24] and nephroprotective [25,26] effects.…”

A Biocascade Approach Towards the Recovery of High-Value Natural Products from Biowaste: State-of-Art and Future Trends

“…With regards to the extraction method, different processes can be observed in Table 10, ranging from the simple maceration [76,80,82,83,85] and simple blending [75,81] to more sophisticated and energy-consuming methods such as Soxhlet extraction [66,87], accelerated solvent extraction [71] or pressurized liquid extraction [74]. It is worth to notice that in the case of Kalanchoe leaves a solvent-free method based on pressing can be also employed [77,78]. The outcome of Table 10 is that for this biomass there are different methods available for the development of a clean and low energy-consuming process at a large scale.…”

“…Kalanchoe leaves are known in different parts of the world for their wide variety of beneficial properties in folk medicine. In fact, up to now they have shown to possess anti-inflammatory [66,[68][69][70][71][72][73][74], anti-leishmanial [69,[74][75][76][77] anti-hypersensitive activities [76,78,79], and to have refrigerant, depurative, disinfectant and hemostatic effect [66]. Furthermore, they have been successfully used in the treating of ulcers [70,71,80,81], rheumatism [71,80,81], infections [71,75,[81][82][83][84], fever [82,83,85], skin diseases [79,82,83,86], pulmonary infections [80],…”

“…Most of the literature about Kalanchoe leaves extraction deals with the characterization of the extracts, together with the evaluation of different biological activities [66, 68, 70, 71, 73-76, 79-82, 84-86]. Furthermore, different works tested the extracts for a number of medical applications, such as the reparation of kidney damage in lupus nephritis mice [78], the dissolution and growth inhibition of CaOx crystals leading to nephrolithiasis [87], the evaluation of the gastroprotective activity in acute gastric lesions models [70], the cytotoxicity against various tumor cell lines [71], the inhibition of the local effects induced by snake venom [72] and the effectiveness in relaxing myometrial strips [77].…”

“…[68] Determine reparing effects of aqueous extract of K. pinnata on lupus nephritis mice. [78] Assess potential in vitro CaOx crystal dissolution and crystal growth inhibition properties of K. pinnata [87] Establish the action mechanism involved in the gastroprotective activity of K. brasiliensis and K. pinnata leaf juices against gastric lesions induced by ethanol and by indomethacin in rats. [70] Test the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of two flavonoid glycosides from K. pinnata leaves.…”