“…32,33 PBSCs are able to differentiate into the mesenchymal lineage including cartilage, bone, and adipose tissue in vitro, 34,35 with clinical studies showing PBSCs' potential for cartilage repair. 14,15,20,21 The chondrocyte differentiation potential of stem cells derived from both peripheral blood and bone marrow has been shown to be similar in both in vitro and in vivo studies. 36,37 HSCs, MSCs, and growth factors in PBSCs play an important role in differentiating cells to initiate chondrogenesis, as well as providing paracrine effects to maturing repair tissue.…”