Reoffending among serious juvenile offenders: A developmental perspective

Ozkan, Turgut

doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.02.017

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Intervention and prevention programs should target the modification of youths’ violent attitudes through early identification of students with low self-esteem and control, and enhancement of self-efficacy in problem-solving without resorting to aggression. Such programs should strengthen the youths’ coping skills that help them to resist negative peer influence, and support the development of a harmonious family environment and positive parenting styles [ 16 , 29 , 31 , 46 , 73 ]. To change the negative self-image, rebuilding of positive self-identity would prevent them from going astray.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Effects of the Self and Contextual Factors on Violence: A Comparison between School Students and Youth Offenders in Macau

Cheng

2018

IJERPH

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This study was designed to explore the self and contextual factors for violence in two samples of school students and youth offenders in Macau. There were 3085 participants who were between 12 and 20 years old; 48.3% of them were male and 51.7% female. Findings revealed that youth offenders exhibited more violence than school students. For the self factors, while lower self-esteem and higher self-efficacy of school students were associated with more violent behavior, these two variables had no significant effects for youth offenders. For the contextual factors, family conflict was the strongest predictor of violence, and school commitment/attachment was the weakest predictor for both samples. For youth offenders, family conflict had the largest direct effect, followed by susceptibility to negative peer influence and influence of the Triad gangs, while school commitment/attachment had a significant though mild direct effect. For school students, family conflict mediated the effect of self-esteem and self-efficacy on violence. While Triad gangs’ influence was the second strongest predictor of violence, being exposed to Triad gangs’ influence also mediated the effect of self-esteem and self-efficacy on violence. It is recommended that youth outreach services with a focus on family support and gang detachment for at-risk youth be strengthened.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Effects of the Self and Contextual Factors on Violence: A Comparison between School Students and Youth Offenders in Macau

Cheng

2018

IJERPH

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“…Although self‐control assesses the ability to suppress impulses, the three aspects of psychosocial maturity affect the more global ability to make mature judgments (Cauffman & Steinberg, ). Research indicates that although psychosocial maturity develops during adolescence, psychosocially immature youth are prone to engage in crime (Cauffman & Steinberg, ; Monahan et al., , ; Ozkan, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has found that psychosocially immature youth engage in more antisocial behavior (Cauffman & Steinberg, ). In addition, youth who are more psychosocially mature desist from crime earlier (Monahan et al., ; Ozkan, ), thus psychosocial maturity may underlie youth desistance from crime (Monahan, Steinberg, Cauffman, & Mulvey, ).…”

Section: Attitudes Toward the Justice System And The Developmental Pementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although psychosocial maturity includes self‐control, it has a broader developmental meaning (Steinberg & Cauffman, ). That is, although it assesses the ability to resist temptations in the moment, it is a broader developmental index that captures overall well‐being, including socioemotional competence and adaptive functioning (see Ozkan, ) with implications for being able to make mature decisions (Cauffman & Steinberg, ). Second, both prior studies were cross‐sectional, which prevented them from accounting for previous behavior when examining statistical predictors of future behavior.…”

Section: Attitudes Toward the Justice System And The Developmental Pementioning

confidence: 99%

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Does the Effect of Justice System Attitudes on Adolescent Crime Vary Based on Psychosocial Maturity?

et al. 2017

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Adolescents who view the justice system negatively are prone to commit crime. Simultaneously, youth who have difficulty regulating their behavior are likely to commit crime. Using a longitudinal sample of 1,216 male adolescents (ages 13-17) who had been arrested for the first time, were racially/ethnically diverse, and were drawn from three U.S. states, this study incorporated a developmental perspective into the procedural justice framework to examine whether psychosocial immaturity moderated the effect of justice system attitudes on youth crime. Attitudes toward the justice system were associated with reoffending among psychosocially mature youth, but not among psychosocially immature youth. This developmental perspective indicates that psychosocially immature youth who have difficulty regulating their behavior may be at risk of engaging in crime regardless of how they perceive the justice system.

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“…The importance of a correct selection of the model and its outcome is widely documented in various areas (Kohavi (1995), Sleeman et al (1995), Burnham & Anderson (2002), Ozkan (2016)). Inspired by the consistent high accuracy of the Random Forest based regression models in the study in Kang et al (2014), we adopted the same approach using the metrics as predictor variables.…”

Section: Prediction Model Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Reasoner Performance on ABox Intensive OWL 2 EL Ontologies

Pan

Bobed

Guclu

et al. 2018

International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems

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Reasoner performance prediction for ontologies in the OWL 2 language has been studied so far from different dimensions. One key aspect of these studies has been the prediction of how much time a particular reasoning task for a given ontology will consume. Several approaches have adopted machinelearning techniques to predict time consumption of different reasoning tasks depending on features of the input ontologies. However, these studies have focused on capturing general aspects of the ontologies (i.e., mainly the complexity of their TBoxes), while paying little attention to ABox details. ABox information is particularly important in real-world scenarios, where data volumes are much larger than data-describing schema information. In this paper, we introduce the notion of ABox intensity in the context of predicting reasoner performance and to improve the representativeness of ontology metrics by developing new metrics that focus on ABox features of OWL 2 EL ontologies. Our experiments show that taking into account the intensity through our proposed metrics contributes to overall prediction accuracy for ABox intensive ontologies.

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Reoffending among serious juvenile offenders: A developmental perspective

Cited by 26 publications

References 71 publications

Predicting Effects of the Self and Contextual Factors on Violence: A Comparison between School Students and Youth Offenders in Macau

Predicting Effects of the Self and Contextual Factors on Violence: A Comparison between School Students and Youth Offenders in Macau

Does the Effect of Justice System Attitudes on Adolescent Crime Vary Based on Psychosocial Maturity?

Predicting Reasoner Performance on ABox Intensive OWL 2 EL Ontologies

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