“…Acute alcohol administration activates the renin-angiotensin system, although the effect is more robust after chronic alcohol intake (Collins, Brosnihan, Zuti, Messina, & Gupta, 1992; Linkola, Tikkanen, Fyhrquist, & Rusi, 1980; Nieminen, Linkola, Fyhrquist, Tikkanen, & Forslund, 1985; Puddey, Vandongen, Beilin, & Rouse, 1985; Stott et al, 1987; Wright, Morseth, Abhold, & Harding, 1986). There is also evidence that some of the normal functions of ANG II are blunted in the presence of ethanol.…”