Forty Years Abuse of Baking Soda, Rhabdomyolysis, Glomerulonephritis, Hypertension Leading to Renal Failure: A Case Report

Forslund, Terje; Koistinen, Arvo; Anttinen, Jorma; Wagner, Bodo; Miettinen, Marja

doi:10.4137/ccrep.s888

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Alcoholic patients are at greater risk of volume depletion and electrolyte disturbances from poor oral intake. Serious toxicity have been reported including renal failure requiring dialysis with long‐term abuse of baking soda in alcoholic patients . However, we were unable to obtain the alcohol use history in our patients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Serious toxicity have been reported including renal failure requiring dialysis with long-term abuse of baking soda in alcoholic patients. 4,31 However, we were unable to obtain the alcohol use history in our patients. In addition, patients taking diuretics should be advised not to use baking soda as they are at a higher risk of sodium load and hypokalemia.…”

Section: Cases Met Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 96%

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Baking soda misuse as a home remedy: case experience of the California Poison Control System

Al-Abri

Kearney

2013

J Clin Pharm Ther

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Summary What is known and objective Baking soda is a common household product promoted by the manufacturer as an antacid. It contains sodium bicarbonate and has the potential for significant toxicity when ingested in excessive amounts. Characterizing the patterns and outcomes from the misuse of baking soda as a home remedy can guide the clinical assessment and preventative counselling of patients at risk for use of this product. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of all symptomatic cases involving ingestion and misuse of a baking soda powder product that were reported to the California Poison Control System between the years 2000 and 2012. Results and discussion Of the 192 cases we identified, 55·8% were female, ages ranged 2 months to 79 years, and the most common reasons for misuse included antacid (60·4%), ‘beat a urine drug test’ (11·5%) and treat a UTI (4·7%). Most cases (55·2%) had significant symptoms warranting a medical evaluation, whereas 12 patients required hospital admission developed either electrolyte imbalances, metabolic alkalosis or respiratory depression. What is new and conclusion Misuse of baking soda can result in serious electrolyte and acid/base imbalances. Patients at highest risk of toxicity may include those who chronically use an antacid, those who use the method to ‘beat’ urine drug screens, pregnant women and young children. Self‐treatment with baking soda as a home remedy may also mask or delay medical care thereby complicating or exacerbating an existing medical problem. We suggest that healthcare providers counsel high‐risk patients about the potential complications of misuse of baking soda as a home remedy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Cases Met Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 96%

Baking soda misuse as a home remedy: case experience of the California Poison Control System

Al-Abri

Kearney

2013

J Clin Pharm Ther

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“…Excessive sodium bicarbonate may also cause congestive heart failure exacerbation and pulmonary edema [1]. Other metabolic and clinical effects from baking soda ingestion include hypertension, gastric rupture, rhabdomyolysis hyporeninemia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, intravascular volume depletion, and urinary alkalinization [1,6,7,9,21,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Metabolic Alkalosis from Acute Baking Soda Ingestion Presenting with Acute Respiratory Failure and Ischemic Stroke

Hailemariam¹,

Finn²,

B³

et al. 2018

Emerg Med

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Baking Soda is a universally available household product. It is used to treat heartburn, indigestion as a home remedy. It's generally well tolerated but abuse and overdose can cause toxicities with serious metabolic and neurological complications. We discuss here a case of a patient with acute baking soda toxicity that developed acute respiratory failure and large bilateral cerebral infarctions leading to death. To our research this is the first reported case of cerebral infarctions following baking soda toxicity. Our report underlines the need for healthcare professionals to be aware on the complications of baking soda overdose and its urgent treatment.

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“…There are case reports of significant morbidity and mortality from heavy baking soda use in alcoholic patients [3,28,29]. Many alcoholics have chronic dyspepsia and may overuse over-the-counter antacids including baking soda [3].…”

Section: Are There Any Other Special Populations That May Be Adverselmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, alcoholic patients are at greater risk of volume depletion either due to poor intake or excess loss from vomiting, leading to frequent ED visits and hospitalizations for intravenous hydration and correction of electrolyte disturbances [4]. Hypertension, rhabdomyolysis, and renal failure requiring dialysis were reported in an alcoholic patient with longterm abuse of baking soda [29].…”

Section: Are There Any Other Special Populations That May Be Adverselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baking Soda Can Settle the Stomach but Upset the Heart: Case Files of the Medical Toxicology Fellowship at the University of California, San Francisco

Al-Abri

Olson

2013

J. Med. Toxicol.

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A 50-year-old man with a past medical history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome came to the emergency department (ED) with a history of increasing vomiting and diarrhea for 1 week and poor oral intake for a few days. He described generalized weakness and lethargy the day before presentation. During the initial ED evaluation, he suddenly had an episode of ventricular tachycardia treated with a single synchronized cardioversion followed by an amiodarone drip. His initial laboratory investigation revealed marked hypokalemia (potassium 2.0 mEq/L), hyponatremia (sodium 122 mEq/L), hypochloremia (59 mEq/L), and elevated serum bicarbonate (46 mEq/L). The BUN was 8 mg/dL, creatinine was 0.9 mg/dL, and glucose was >600 mg/dL. Arterial blood gases revealed a pH of 7.6, pO 2 100 mm Hg, pCO 2 59 mm Hg, and calculated bicarbonate 60 mEq/L. Serum calcium was 8.1 mg/dL, magnesium 1.6 mg/dL, phosphate 1.3 mg/dL, and albumin 2.7 g/L.On further questioning, it was discovered that the patient had been experiencing persistent heartburn and gastric upset for the past 7 years following gastrinoma removal. He had not been compliant with his usual medication regimens for hypertension, diabetes, and gastric hyperacidity and had been using baking soda as an antacid, adding a teaspoon of the white powder to his drinks on an as-needed basis daily for years.

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Forty Years Abuse of Baking Soda, Rhabdomyolysis, Glomerulonephritis, Hypertension Leading to Renal Failure: A Case Report

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Baking soda misuse as a home remedy: case experience of the California Poison Control System

Baking soda misuse as a home remedy: case experience of the California Poison Control System

Severe Metabolic Alkalosis from Acute Baking Soda Ingestion Presenting with Acute Respiratory Failure and Ischemic Stroke

Baking Soda Can Settle the Stomach but Upset the Heart: Case Files of the Medical Toxicology Fellowship at the University of California, San Francisco

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