Renewal of Extinguished Lever-Press Responses upon Return to the Training Context

Nakajima, Sadahiko; Tanaka, Sayaka; Urushihara, Kouji; Imada, Hiroshi

doi:10.1006/lmot.2000.1064

Cited by 177 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Clearly, less postextinction responding was observed when extinction took place in the training context (AAC) than when extinction took place in a neutral context (ABC). In other words, ABC renewal was found to be stronger than AAC renewal, as has been reported previously in other preparations (e.g., Nakajima et al, 2000).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…AAC renewal is the recovery of an extinguished CR when acquisition and extinction occur in the same context but testing occurs in a different, neutral one (e.g., Bouton & Ricker, 1994). Most evidence suggests that ABA and ABC renewal are stronger than AAC renewal, which sometimes is not even observed (Crombag & Shaham, 2002;Cuevas, Rovee-Collier, & Learmonth, 2008;Nakajima, Tanaka, Urushihara, & Imada, 2000;Rescorla, 2008;Tamai & Nakajima, 2000;Tamai, Nakajima, Kitaguchi, & Imada, 2001; Thomas, Larsen, & Ayres, 2003;Üngör & Lachnit, 2008;Yap & Richardson, 2007). But in our opinion, why AAC renewal is weaker than ABA and ABC renewal has not yet been adequately explained.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrasting AAC and ABC renewal: the role of context associations

2010

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Rats were used in a lick suppression preparation to assess the contribution of conditioned-stimulus (CS)-context and context-unconditioned-stimulus (US) associations to experimental extinction. Experiment 1 investigated whether strengthening the CS-acquisition context association enhances extinction by determining whether stronger extinction is observed when CS-alone trials (i.e., extinction treatment) are administered in the acquisition context (AAC renewal), relative to a context that is neutral with respect to the US (ABC renewal). Less recovery of responding to the CS was observed in the former than in the latter case, extending the finding that AAC renewal is weaker than ABC renewal to our lick suppression preparation. Experiment 2 assessed the contribution of the acquisition context-US association to extinction of a CS by examining the effect of postextinction exposure to the acquisition context on responding to the extinguished CS. This manipulation enhanced responding to the extinguished CS in AAC, but not ABC, renewal. Experiment 3 addressed the contribution of the CS-acquisition context association by examining the potential of a neutral stimulus, presented in compound with the target CS during extinction treatment, to overshadow the CS-acquisition context association. This manipulation enhanced responding to the extinguished CS in AAC, but not ABC, renewal. The results stress the important role of contextual association in extinction and renewal.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting AAC and ABC renewal: the role of context associations

2010

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“…Experiment 1: Effects of BLA, dmPFC, DH, SSbf, vmPFC, or SStr Inactivation on Contextual Reinstatement of Cocaine-Seeking Behavior Previous studies using the renewal procedure have demonstrated that Pavlovian and operant conditioned responses to an explicit CS can be reinstated when a subject is returned to the conditioning context after extinction in another context, suggesting that context acts as an occasion setter (Bouton and Bolles, 1979;Bouton and Swartzentruber, 1986;Bouton and Ricker, 1994;Goddard, 1999;Nakajima et al, 2000). Similarly, it has been shown that re-exposure to a drug-associated context is sufficient to reinstate drugseeking behavior in the response-contingent presence or absence (Rauhut et al, 2000;Alleweireldt et al, 2001) of a drug-paired explicit CS.…”

Section: Intracranial Infusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex, Basolateral Amygdala, and Dorsal Hippocampus in Contextual Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking in Rats

Fuchs

Evans

Ledford

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

486

517

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The present study tested the hypothesis that separate neural substrates mediate cocaine relapse elicited by drug-associated contextual stimuli vs explicit conditioned stimuli (CSs) and cocaine. Specifically, we investigated the involvement of the dorsal hippocampus (DH), basolateral amygdala (BLA), and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) in contextual reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior and the involvement of the DH in explicit CS-and cocaine-induced reinstatement. Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine in a distinct context or in the presence of CSs paired explicitly with cocaine infusions. Responding of context-trained rats was then extinguished in the previously cocaine-paired or an alternate context, whereas responding of explicit CS-trained rats was extinguished in the absence of the CSs. Subsequently, the target brain regions or anatomical control regions were functionally inactivated using tetrodotoxin (0 or 5 ng/ side), and cocaine-seeking behavior (ie, nonreinforced responses) was assessed in the cocaine-paired context, in the alternate context, in the presence of the explicit CSs, or following cocaine priming (10 mg/kg, i.p.). DH inactivation abolished contextual, but failed to alter explicit CS-or cocaine-induced, reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior. BLA or dmPFC inactivation also abolished contextual reinstatement. Conversely, inactivation of the control brain regions failed to alter contextual reinstatement. In conclusion, the DH, BLA, and dmPFC play critical roles in contextual reinstatement. Previous findings suggest that the BLA is critical for explicit CS-induced, but not cocaine-primed, reinstatement and the dmPFC is critical for both explicit CS-induced and cocaine-primed reinstatement. Thus, distinct but partially overlapping neural substrates mediate context-induced, explicit CS-induced, and cocaine-primed reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-seeking behavior.

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“…Although there is a growing parallel between Pavlovian extinction and instrumental extinction, the extent of the parallel regarding the renewal effect has not been clear. Several reports, with drugs or food as reinforcers, have demonstrated a renewal of extinguished instrumental responding when subjects are removed from the extinction context and returned to the original acquisition context (Bossert, Liu, Lu, & Shaham, 2004;Chaudri, Sahuque, & Janak, 2009;Crombag & Shaham, 2002;Hamlin, Clemens, & McNally, 2008;Hamlin, Newby, & McNally, 2007;Nakajima, Tanaka, Urushihara, & Imada, 2000;Zironi, Burattini, Aircardi, & Janak, 2006). However, there is less evidence that removal from the extinction context alone (without a return to the acquisition context) results in response recovery.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is less evidence that removal from the extinction context alone (without a return to the acquisition context) results in response recovery. For example, several authors have failed to detect AAB renewal, in which acquisition and extinction occur in Context A and testing occurs in Context B (see Bossert et al, 2004;Crombag & Shaham, 2002;Nakajima et al, 2000). If instrumental extinction is similar to Pavlovian extinction, removal from the extinction context should then be sufficient to cause renewal of responding.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the amount of acquisition and contextual generalization on the renewal of instrumental behavior after extinction

2011

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Four experiments with rat subjects examined the role of context during the extinction of instrumental (freeoperant) behavior. In all experiments, leverpressing was first reinforced on a variable-interval 30-s schedule and then extinguished before being tested in the extinction and renewal contexts. The results identified three important variables affecting the renewal effect after instrumental extinction. First, ABA and ABC forms of renewal were strengthened by increasing the amount of acquisition training. This suggests that the strength of the association learned during acquisition, or the final level of performance, influences the degree of renewal after extinction. The effect of the amount of training was modulated by the second factor, the degrees of generalization from the acquisition and extinction contexts to the test context. The third variable was acquisition training in multiple contexts, which was shown to strengthen ABC renewal. Methodological, theoretical, and practical implications are discussed.

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Renewal of Extinguished Lever-Press Responses upon Return to the Training Context

Cited by 177 publications

References 27 publications

Contrasting AAC and ABC renewal: the role of context associations

Contrasting AAC and ABC renewal: the role of context associations

The Role of the Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex, Basolateral Amygdala, and Dorsal Hippocampus in Contextual Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking in Rats

Effects of the amount of acquisition and contextual generalization on the renewal of instrumental behavior after extinction

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