Effects of the amount of acquisition and contextual generalization on the renewal of instrumental behavior after extinction

Todd, Travis P.; Winterbauer, Neil E.; Bouton, Mark E.

doi:10.3758/s13420-011-0051-5

Cited by 97 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The low number of responses during extinction is striking, when compared with those from the second training day in both experiments, a finding that highlighted the importance of the reinforcer in maintaining this response. In adult rats, the magnitude of operant responding with appetitive reinforcers is likewise markedly reduced during extinction, compared to responses during an acquisition phase (e.g., Bouton et al, 2011;Todd et al, 2012b), suggesting that this outcome may be a pattern inherent to certain types of procedures involving appetitive operant conditioning, not necessarily related to the young age of the subjects in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Bouton and colleagues have reported renewal by using operant conditioning settings, and showed that context can affect similarly the extinction of a pavlovian or an operant response (e.g., Bouton et al, 2011;Todd, Winterbauer, & Bouton, 2012a, 2012b. To date, no studies have addressed in infant rats the possibility of renewal of an extinguished operant response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Context‐dependent extinction of an appetitive operant conditioned response in infant rats

Barrera

Arias

González

et al. 2017

Developmental Psychobiology

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The present study evaluated context-dependent learning under an operant conditioning procedure in infant rats. Preweanling rats were trained in context A during postnatal days (PDs) 16 and 17 to learn an appetitive operant conditioning task, employing milk chocolate as appetitive reinforcer. On PD18 the operant response was extinguished in context A, or in an alternative context B. The change from context A to B between acquisition and extinction did not affect the number of responses during extinction, but slightly modified the shape of the extinction curve. On PD19, a renewal test conducted in context A clearly showed ABA-renewal of the extinguished operant response. These results add to the body of evidence indicating that infants are able to acquire and retain contextual information, and support the notion that extinction during this ontogenetic period involves new learning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Context‐dependent extinction of an appetitive operant conditioned response in infant rats

Barrera

Arias

González

et al. 2017

Developmental Psychobiology

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show abstract

“…Similarly, in a renewal preparation, Todd, Winterbauer, and Bouton (2012) arranged an ABC renewal paradigm where responding was initially established in Context A with one set of global environmental features (e.g., scent, textures, visual patterns). They extinguished responding in a second and novel Context B.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of local-level resurgence

2016

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Resurgence is the recurrence of a previously reinforced and then extinguished behavior induced by the extinction of another more recently reinforced behavior. Resurgence provides insight into behavioral processes relevant to treatment relapse of a range of problem behaviors. Resurgence is typically studied across three phases: (1) reinforcement of a target response, (2) extinction of the target and concurrent reinforcement of an alternative response, and (3) extinction of the alternative response, resulting in the recurrence of target responding. Because each phase typically occurs successively and spans multiple sessions, extended time frames separate the training and resurgence of target responding. This study assessed resurgence more dynamically and throughout ongoing training in 6 pigeons. Baseline entailed 50-s trials of a freeoperant psychophysical procedure, resembling Phases 1 and 2 of typical resurgence procedures. During the first 25 s, we reinforced target (left-key) responding but not alternative (right-key) responding; contingencies reversed during the second 25 s. Target and alternative responding followed the baseline reinforcement contingencies, with alternative responding replacing target responding across the 50 s. We observed resurgence of target responding during signaled and unsignaled probes that extended trial durations an additional 100 s in extinction. Furthermore, resurgence was greater and/or sooner when probes were signaled, suggesting an important role of discriminating transitions to extinction in resurgence. The data were well described by an extension of a stimulus-control model of discrimination that assumes resurgence is the result of generalization of obtained reinforcers across space and time. Therefore, the present findings introduce novel methods and quantitative analyses for assessing behavioral processes underlying resurgence.

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“…For example, operant renewal is a relapse phenomenon that occurs when contextual stimuli present during the extinction of an operant response are changed. In animal studies of renewal, contextual stimuli can consist of a flashing versus steady operant chamber illumination (Podlesnik& Shahan, 2009), a distinctive scent (e.g., Bouton et al, 2011), stripes on the side of the operant chamber (e.g., Todd et al, 2012), and/or a combination of multiple such olfactory and visual stimuli (Bouton et al, 2011; Todd et al, 2012). For example, a rat might be trained to press a lever to receive a food pellet in one context (context A), but moved to a novel context (B) where no food is available for the target response (i.e., extinction).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewal, resurgence, and alternative reinforcement context

Sweeney

Shahan

2015

Behavioural Processes

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Resurgence, relapse induced by the removal of alternative reinforcement, and renewal, relapse induced by a change in contextual stimuli, are typically studied separately in operant conditioning paradigms. In analogous treatments of operant problem behavior, aspects of both relapse phenomena can operate simultaneously. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine a novel method for studying resurgence and renewal in the same experimental preparation. An alternative source of reinforcement was available during extinction for one group of rats (a typical resurgence preparation). Another group experienced an operant renewal preparation in which the extinction context was distinguished via olfactory and visual stimuli. A third group experienced alternative reinforcement delivery in the new context, a novel combination of typical resurgence and renewal preparations. Removal of alternative reinforcement and/or a change in context induced relapse, relative to an extinction-only control group. When alternative reinforcement was delivered in a novel context, the alternative response was less persistent relative to when extinction of the alternative response took place in the context in which it was trained. This methodology might be used to illustrate shared (or distinct) mechanisms of resurgence and renewal, and to determine how delivering alternative reinforcement in another context may affect persistence and relapse.

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Effects of the amount of acquisition and contextual generalization on the renewal of instrumental behavior after extinction

Cited by 97 publications

References 25 publications

Context‐dependent extinction of an appetitive operant conditioned response in infant rats

Context‐dependent extinction of an appetitive operant conditioned response in infant rats

Quantitative analysis of local-level resurgence

Renewal, resurgence, and alternative reinforcement context

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