Renewable fuels production from the hydrotreating over NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst of castor oil methyl esters obtained by reactive extraction

Hydroprocessing of oleic acid for production of jet fuel range hydrocarbons over Sn(1)‐Fe(3)‐Cu(13)/SiO2‐Al2O3 catalyst: Process parameters optimization, kinetics, and thermodynamic study

“…The same authors obtained a lower aviation energy of 134.4 KJ/mol over Pd/C catalyst at the similar operating conditions. Nieto et al 19 utilized NiMo/Al 2 O 3 catalyst for hydroprocessing of castor oil methyl ester at 395–425°C, reaction time of 2–8 h, 2 MPa H 2 pressure, and 5.6 wt. % catalyst concentration and obtained an activation energy of 123.4 KJ/mol.…”

“…The same authors obtained a lower aviation energy of 134.4 KJ/mol over Pd/C catalyst at the similar operating conditions. Nieto et al 19 9. The activation energy obtained in this present work was the least as compared to all the reviews.…”

“…The approach involves analyzing one variable at a time by keeping other independent variables constant. Production of hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel while varying temperature, time, hydrogen pressure, or catalyst concentration has been carried solely using univariate approach 16–20 . Analysis of more than one variable at a time using multivariate approach enables understanding of simultaneous relationship among the independent variables.…”

“…Production of hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel while varying temperature, time, hydrogen pressure, or catalyst concentration has been carried solely using univariate approach. [16][17][18][19][20] Analysis of more than one variable at a time using multivariate approach enables understanding of simultaneous relationship among the independent variables. Evaluation of catalyst for production of hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel using multivariate approach has not been reported in the literature.…”

Can process intensification change the future of biodiesel?

“…Separation of carboxylic acids [126], production of renewable fuels [127] Membrane reactors Integration of a membrane separation into a reactor to overcome equilibrium limitations by continuously removal of reactants or products. Advantages: increasing reactor efficiency in term of productivity and purity of products, decreasing number of downstream processing units.…”