Renewable energy policy in Germany: pioneering and exemplary regulations

Cost and optimal feed-in tariff for small scale photovoltaic systems in China

“…More recently the FIT has increased in popularity. Germany has been on the forefront when it comes to the implementation of this mechanism, which offers a fixed price for electricity generation from renewable energy, guaranteed for a long period of time (Bechberger and Reiche, 2004). For PV the effect of the FIT on deployment became especially apparent after Germany updated its renewable energy law in 2000, resulting in an increase in cumulative installed capacity from 114 MW in 2000 to 1508MW in 2005(IEA 2009).…”

Grassroots action for renewable energy: how did Ontario succeed in the implementation of a feed-in tariff system?

“…The Ontario case contrasts greatly to the policy process involved in the German FIT (for example, Bechberger and Reiche [41], and Jacobsson and Lauber [42]). The German FIT which was enacted in 2000 had been stimulated by the strong civil engagement which began in the 1970s.…”

Business and Climate Change Governance

“…As early as the 1990s, wind energy plants and PV roof systems were eligible for soft loans with an interest rate reduction of 4.5 per cent as compared to standard loans (Paolo, 2006;Rosaria Di Nucci et al, 2007). In 1999, Germany introduced the market incentive programme (MAP) for smaller-scale renewable energy systems that provided direct investment subsidies and soft loans with long term repayment conditions and partial debt forgiveness if certain conditions were met (Bechberger and Reiche, 2004). Recently, the South African government even began exploring such options through an initiative called South African Renewables Initiative (SARI), a collaboration with global donors and foreign governments to explore innovative funding mechanisms to lower the cost of renewable energy deployment (Creamer, 2011).…”