Renewable Energy-Based DC Microgrid with Hybrid Energy Management System Supporting Electric Vehicle Charging System

Abstract

Growing Electric vehicle (EV) ownership leads to an increase in charging stations, which raises load demand and causes grid outages during peak hours. Microgrids can significantly resolve these issues in the electrical distribution system by implementing an effective energy management approach. The suggested hybrid optimization approach aims to provide constant power regardless of the generation discrepancy and should prevent the early deterioration of the storage devices. This study suggests using a dynamic control system based on the Fuzzy-Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) to provide a reliable power balance for microgrid (MG) operation. The proposed DC microgrid integrating renewable energy sources (RES) and battery storage system (BSS) as sources are designed and evaluated, and the findings are further validated using MATLAB Simulink simulation. In comparing the hybrid SSA strategy with the most widely used Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based power management, it was observed that the hybrid SSA approach was superior in terms of convergence speed and stability. The effectiveness of the given energy management system is evaluated using two distinct modes, the variation of solar irradiation and the variation of battery state of charge, ensuring the microgrid’s cost-effective operation. The enhanced response characteristics indicate that the Fuzzy-SSA can optimise power management of the DC microgrid, making better use of energy resources. These results show the relevance of algorithm configuration for cost-effective power management in DC microgrids, as it saves approximately 7.776% in electricity expenses over a year compared to PSO.

Leveraging renewable energy sources for sustainable traction vehicles

“…Fuel cells offer a scalable and flexible backup solution for DC microgrids. Their modular design allows for easy integration and capacity adjustment based on specific needs, providing reliable power for critical loads [13]. The surplus energy available at the main busbar after the complete charging of ESS is used to generate the hydrogen fuel from the electrolyze.…”

Grid Integration for Electric Vehicles: A Realistic Strategy for Environmentally Friendly Mobility and Renewable Power

“…It is possible to design an electric vehicle control system based on either an alternating-current microgrid system or a direct-current microgrid system. Both have their advantages and disadvantages [58]. A DC micro-grid type of electric car charging station is built of many DC chargers that are connected to a common DC bus, as shown in Figure 4.…”

Voltage Stability Assessment of a Campus DC Microgrid Implemented in Korea as a Blockchain-Based Power Transaction Testbed

“…Microgrids are broadly classified into three categories based on system architecture and voltage characteristics [7]: AC microgrid, DC microgrid, and Hybrid AC/DC microgrid. Among these microgrids, DC microgrid is gaining attention because most renewable-based DERs currently produce DC power, and the utilization of DC loads such as EV chargers has increased [8]. In addition, unlike a conventional AC microgrid, a DC microgrid does not need to fulfill all the considerations such as synchronization, reactive power, and frequency control, and the stability judgment mainly depends on the DC bus voltage.…”