Renewable energy and unemployment: A general equilibrium analysis

EU Climate and Energy Policy Beyond 2020: Are Additional Targets and Instruments for Renewables Economically Reasonable?

“…Creutzig et al (2013) argue that a European energy transition could have a positive stimulus effect, primarily because RES investments involve large upfront construction costs. In contrast, empirical evidence on net job effects of RES policies is very mixed involving negative as well as positive assessments (EWI et al, 2004;Hillebrand et al, 2006;Lehr et al, 2008;Rivers, 2013;Wei et al, 2010). On the one hand, RES technologies are more labour-intensive for producing energy than the non-renewable technologies they substitute (Borenstein, 2012).…”

On the Optimal Use of Revenues from a CO2 Tax and the Importance of Labor Market Conditions

“…The general approach to modelling involuntary unemployment in a general equilibrium analysis of environmental taxes ultimately relies on a reduced form representation of the relationship between wages and the unemployment rate (Rivers, 2013). These reduced forms are derived from wage bargaining models and job search models among other micro-founded formulations.…”

Long-term implications of sustained wind power growth in the United States: Potential benefits and secondary impacts

“…Additionally, to the extent that increased wind impacts the cost of energy, or has other macroeconomic effects, this too may affect employment in the broader economy. Studies that have evaluated the economy-wide net effects of renewable energy have shown differing results (e.g., Böhringer et al 2013;Böhringer et al 2012;Bowen et al 2013;Breitschopf et al 2011;Chien and Hu 2008;Frondel et al 2010;Hillebrand et al 2006;Lehr et al 2012;Lehr et al 2008;Marques and Fuinhas 2012;Menegaki 2011;Rivers 2013;Yi 2013). In general, however, there is little reason to believe that net impacts are likely to be sizable in either the positive or negative direction (e.g., Rivers 2013).…”