Rencana Sabuk Hijau Timur Kotabaru Kebayoran: Kebijakan Setengah Hati? Studi Tentang Transformasi Kawasan

Abstract

Kebayoran new city was the first satellite city planned on the outskirts of post-world war II Jakarta. By applying the garden city concept, Kebayoran new city was planned to have green belt elements in the west and east to limit its growth. Along with the rapid development of the main axis of the City of Jakarta (Jl. Thamrin - Jl. Sudirman) after the transfer of sovereignty (1949) and the expansion of the administrative boundaries of the City of Jakarta, the newcity of Kebayoran has undergone a transformation and changes / adjustments to plans. One of the consequences, Kebayoran new city is no longer a satellite city as originally planned. The idea of a green belt in the eastern part also did not materialize as it should. This study aims to identify the enforcing and enabling factors for not realizing the idea of the eastern green belt of Kebayoran new city. The method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. The research findings indicate that the enforcing factor for this failure is mainly government (central and regional) development policies after the transfer of sovereignty. Enabling factors are the fact that some parts of the area have not been acquired, and local government policies that allow or develop parts of the area for other functions. By knowing the enforcing and enabling factors above, this research is expected to be a lesson for planners and policy makers for the development of new cities in the future. Keywords: government policies; green belt; Kebayoran Baru; urban transformation ABSTRAKKota baru Kebayoran merupakan kota satelit pertama yang direncanakan di pinggiran Jakarta pasca kemerdekaan. Dengan menerapkan konsep garden city, kota baru Kebayoran direncanakan memiliki elemen sabuk hijau di bagian Barat dan Timur untuk membatasi pertumbuhannya. Seiring dengan perkembangan pesat poros utama Kota Jakarta (Jl. Thamrin – Jl. Sudirman) pasca penyerahan kedaulatan (1949) dan meluasnya batas administratif Kota Jakarta, kota baru Kebayoran mengalami transformasi dan perubahan/penyesuaian rencana. Salah satu akibatnya, kota baru Kebayoran tidak lagi menjadi kota satelit seperti rencana awal. Gagasan sabuk hijau pada bagian Timur juga tidak terwujud sebagaimana mestinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi faktor pendorong dan faktor pemungkin tidak terwujudnya gagasan sabuk hijau Timur kota baru Kebayoran. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor pendorong kegagalan tersebut terutama adalah kebijakan pembangunan pemerintah (Pusat dan Daerah) pasca penyerahan kedaulatan tersebut. Faktor pemungkin adalah kenyataan bahwa beberapa bagian kawasan belum diakuisisi, dan kebijakan pemerintah daerah yang mengijinkan atau mengembangkan bagian kawasan untuk fungsi lain. Dengan mengetahui faktor pendorong dan faktor pemungkin di atas, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi pembelajaran bagi perencana dan pembuat kebijakan pembangunan kota baru di masa mendatang.

Planning Approach of Kebayoran New City of Jakarta: Background and Lessons Learned

“…2500) tried to resist but were warned by the authorities that "… if they refuse to move with due compensation they will be evicted with force without any compensation". However, the study byClaudio and Fahmi (2020) has demonstrated that, at least the zone planned for eastern greenbelt, was not fully acquired; up to the 1950s when part of the zone was decided as relocation site of ex-inhabitants of PTIK (Police Education Institute) Complex it was fully occupied by indigenous Jakartans (Betawi). Perhaps, due to this and other challenges JP.…”