Renalase does not catalyze the oxidation of catecholamines

Beaupre, Brett A.; Hoag, Matthew R.; Moran, Graham R.

doi:10.1016/j.abb.2015.05.016

Cited by 24 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…Whether renalase is an amine oxidase or not is presently debated. Aliverti and Moran et al [6,7,8] failed to demonstrate the catalytic activity of renalase, which is contradictory to the investigation reported by Xu et al [1]. Thus, additional evidence is needed to confirm whether renalase is an amine oxidase.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Effects of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on Renal Expression of Renalase in Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed With High Salt Diet

Wang

Xie

Gao³

et al. 2015

Kidney Blood Press Res

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Background/Aims: The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of high-salt diet on the renal expression of renalase and the potential role of the local renin-angiotensin system in this process. Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into groups according to salt content in diet and drug treatment as follows: normal-salt diet (NS), high-salt diet (HS), high-salt intake with hydralazine (HS+H), high-salt diet with enalapril (HS+E), and high-salt diet with valsartan (HS+V). The dietary intervention and drugs were given for four weeks. Renin activity and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) levels were detected by real-time PCR. Renalase mRNA and protein were also measured. Results: After four weeks, systolic blood pressure and proteinuria were significantly increased in the HS group with respect to the NS group. Dietary salt intake caused a dramatic decrease in renalase expression in the rat kidneys. Renal cortex renin and AT1R increased significantly in the HS and HS+H groups. Urinary protein was positively correlated with renal renin and AT1R levels. However, in the HS+E and HS+V groups, enalapril and valsartan failed to influence renal renalase expression but abolished the increase in proteinuria, renal cortex renin, and AT1R levels with respect to the HS group. Conclusion: This study indicates that high salt intake reduces renal expression, and renal RAS may be not involved in the regulation of renalase in SD rats fed with high-salt diet.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Effects of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on Renal Expression of Renalase in Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed With High Salt Diet

Wang

Xie

Gao³

et al. 2015

Kidney Blood Press Res

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“…In contrast to the study by Beaupre et al [35], who reported that renalase does not consume catecholamines, renalase is not kinetically regulated by CA and renalase is not isolated in an inhibited form and cannot be activated by blood plasma or CA. In addition, Beaupre et al [35] suggested that blood has very little active renalase. This observation is consistent with its newly-identified activity and suggest that renalase has an exclusively intracellular/ metabolic role.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…The same authors claimed that is no clear relationship between renalase and blood pressure, at least in patients with CKD, and could not confirm that renalase was a monoamine oxidase, or even an oxidase at all [34]. In contrast to the study by Beaupre et al [35], who reported that renalase does not consume catecholamines, renalase is not kinetically regulated by CA and renalase is not isolated in an inhibited form and cannot be activated by blood plasma or CA. In addition, Beaupre et al [35] suggested that blood has very little active renalase.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 39%

Levels of renalase and advanced oxidation protein products with regard to catecholamines in haemodialysed patients

Dziedzic

Orłowska

Petkowicz

et al. 2017

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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M. Levels of renalase and advanced oxidation protein products with regard to catecholamines in haemodialysed patients. Ann Agri Environ Med. 2017; 24(3): 453-458. doi: 10.5604/12321966.1233567 Abstract Introduction. The main mediators of the sympathetic nervous system in the effectors part are catecholamines (CA). An increased sympathetic nerve activity observed in chronic kidney disease (CKD), is due to a raised level of CA in plasma. Renalase is a protein secreted by the kidneys, composed of 342 amino acids, which is able to metabolize the circulating CA and possibly play an important role in the regulation of sympathetic tone and blood pressure. Also, oxidative stress, defined as a disruption of the equilibrium between the generation of oxidants, is a crucial factor in the development of the inflammatory syndrome associated with CKD. The advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) represent exquisite markers of phagocyte-derived oxidative stress. Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the concentration of renalase and explore the associations between AOPP with regards to CA in haemodialysis (HD) patients. Materials and method. The study was conducted among 50 residents of the municipality and neighbouring villages in the province of Lublin, central-eastern Poland. Results. In the studied patients, it was found that an average concentration of renalase was 44.8 ± 6.5 µg/mL, whereas of AOPP plasma levels -57.5 ± 21.5 µmol/L. The results demonstrated the correlation between levels of renalase and AOPP in the HD patients. Indeed, elevated levels of renalase and AOPP in HD may be due to the presence of uremic toxins in blood. The concentration of urea affects the plasma concentrations of AOPP and renalase causing a direct relationship between renalase and AOPP. However, there is no clear relationship between renalase and circulating catecholamines in HD patients.

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“…Mounting evidence suggests that renalase exerts its cytoprotective effects by interacting with its plasma membrane receptor, not metabolizing catecholamines [7,20]. It is thought that renalase is secreted by renal tubular epithelial cells and the level of renalase in the circulation is closely related to the size of the kidney and renal function [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renalase Protects against Renal Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Activation of the ERK Signaling Pathways

Wang

Deng

et al. 2017

IJMS

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Renal interstitial fibrosis is a common pathway for the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end-stage renal disease. Renalase, acting as a signaling molecule, has been reported to have cardiovascular and renal protective effects. However, its role in renal fibrosis remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of renalase in rats with complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and examined the inhibitory effects of renalase on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human proximal renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. We found that in the UUO model, the expression of renalase was markedly downregulated and adenoviral-mediated expression of renalase significantly attenuated renal interstitial fibrosis, as evidenced by the maintenance of E-cadherin expression and suppressed expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin and collagen-I. In vitro, renalase inhibited TGF-β1-mediated upregulation of α-SMA and downregulation of E-cadherin. Increased levels of Phospho-extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK1/2) in TGF-β1-stimulated cells were reversed by renalase cotreatment. When ERK1 was overexpressed, the inhibition of TGF-β1-induced EMT and fibrosis mediated by renalase was attenuated. Our study provides the first evidence that renalase can ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis by suppression of tubular EMT through inhibition of the ERK pathway. These results suggest that renalase has potential renoprotective effects in renal interstitial fibrosis and may be an effective agent for slowing CKD progression.

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Renalase does not catalyze the oxidation of catecholamines

Cited by 24 publications

References 46 publications

Effects of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on Renal Expression of Renalase in Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed With High Salt Diet

Effects of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on Renal Expression of Renalase in Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed With High Salt Diet

Levels of renalase and advanced oxidation protein products with regard to catecholamines in haemodialysed patients

Renalase Protects against Renal Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Activation of the ERK Signaling Pathways

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