Renal transplantation in cats with calcium oxalate urolithiasis: 19 cases (1997–2004)

Aronson, Lillian R.; Kyles, Andrew E.; Preston, Alicia; Drobatz, Kenneth J.; Gregory, Clare R.

doi:10.2460/javma.228.5.743

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…While this hypercalciuria is not necessarily associated with hypercalcemia [42], idiopathic hypercalcemia does occur in cats and has been associated with calcium oxalate urolithiasis [44, 45]. Other potential causes of hypercalciuria may include treatment with loop diuretics or corticosteroids, excess vitamin C or D, and treatment with urinary acidifiers [46], although these are not well described in cats.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Risk Factors For Calcium Oxalate Stone Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of calcium oxalate urinary stone disease: species comparison of humans, dogs, and cats

2017

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Idiopathic calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis is a highly recurrent disease that is increasing in prevalence. Decades of research have not identified effective methods to consistently prevent the formation of nephroliths or induce medical dissolution. Idiopathic calcium oxalate nephroliths form in association with renal papillary subepithelial calcium phosphate deposits called Randall’s plaques (RPs). Rodent models are commonly used to experimentally induce calcium oxalate crystal and stone formation, but a rodent model that conclusively forms RPs has not been identified. Both dogs and cats form calcium oxalate uroliths that can be recurrent, but the etiopathologic mechanisms of stone formation, especially renal pathologic findings, are a relatively unexploited area of study. A large animal model that shares a similar environment to humans, along with a shorter lifespan and thus shorter time to recurrence, might provide an excellent means to study preventative and therapeutic measures, along with enhancing the concepts of the One Health initiative. This review article summarizes and compares important known features of idiopathic calcium oxalate stone disease in humans, dogs, and cats, and emphasizes important knowledge gaps and areas for future study in the quest to discover a naturally occurring animal model of idiopathic calcium oxalate stone disease.

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Section: Epidemiology and Risk Factors For Calcium Oxalate Stone Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of calcium oxalate urinary stone disease: species comparison of humans, dogs, and cats

2017

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“…The procedure has evolved over the last 15 years and is reportedly successful in 70-90% of cats. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Despite continued advances, technical complications associated with the transplanted ureter continue to result in substantial post-operative morbidity. Common complications include stricture or obstruction of the ureter at the anastomosis site or urolith formation associated with anastomotic sutures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common complications include stricture or obstruction of the ureter at the anastomosis site or urolith formation associated with anastomotic sutures. [5][6][7][8][9][10] Ureteral obstructions must be monitored closely to prevent damage to the transplanted kidney and may require a second surgical procedure to revise the ureteral anastomosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ureteral Papilla Implantation as a Technique for Neoureterocystostomy in Cats

et al. 2005

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“…Development of chronic kidney disease associated with calcium oxalate urolithiasis has previously been described in cats at a mean age of 6·8 years (Aronson and others 2006). Chronic kidney disease was also seen in a seven-month-old dog with xanthinuria (van Zuilen and others 1997) and in a four-year-old dachshund with bilateral xanthine nephrolithiasis, which was affected by end-stage chronic kidney disease (Kucera and others 1997).…”

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confidence: 99%

Xanthinuria in a domestic shorthair cat

et al. 2009

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| the VETERINARY RECORD SHORT COMMUNICATIONS catheter connected to a closed urine collection system. Routine blood work, including a complete blood count and serum chemistry profile, was unremarkable. Urinalysis revealed crystals suspected to be xanthine, and an inactive sediment. Plasma and 24-hour urine samples were submitted for xanthine and hypoxanthine measurements using HPLC and UV detection (Agilent 1000 series; Agilent Technologies), and 24-hour urine was submitted for uric acid measurements using a commercial enzymatic test (Roche Diagnostics) in an automatic analyser (Roche/ Hitachi Modular P800).Twenty-four-hour urine collection was subsequently performed in three unrelated male cats (control cats) that were presented for obstructive FLUTD not associated with crystalluria. The affected cat and the three controls were fed a regular adult moist maintenance diet before presentation and a diet for urinary tract disease (Feline Urinary Moist food; Royal Canin) during the time of sample collection. The plasma and urine xanthine and hypoxanthine levels were markedly higher, and urine uric acid levels were markedly lower, in the case than in the control cats ( Table 1). The urine xanthine:creatinine and hypoxanthine:creatinine ratios were higher, and the urine uric acid:creatinine ratio was lower, than in the three control cats (Table 1). These results are consistent with a lack of conversion of xanthine to uric acid, as would occur with a deficiency in xanthine oxidase, leading to xanthinuria.A perineal urethrostomy was performed and the cat made an uneventful recovery from the surgical procedure. It was treated with 0·01 mg/kg buprenorphine (Temegesic; Essex Chemie) intravenously every six hours for four days, 2·5 mg phenoxybenzamine (Phenoxybenzamin; Streuli) orally every 12 hours for three days, and 10 mg/kg amoxicillin and 2·5 mg/kg clavulanic acid (Clavaseptin; Vétoquinol) orally every 12 hours for 14 days.Five days after surgery, the cat was urinating without difficulty and was discharged from hospital in good general condition. A physical examin ation 11 months after surgery was unremarkable, and the cat continued to urinate without difficulty. It was still fed with regular commercial feline moist foods due to poor compliance with purine-restricted diets. A complete blood count was unremarkable and serum chemistry revealed mild azotaemia (urea 16·8 mmol/l, reference range 6·7 to 12·5 mmol/l; creatinine 185 µmol/l, reference range 53 to 141 µmol/l). Urinalysis revealed a specific gravity of 1·027, and an inactive sediment with very large numbers of yellow-brown spheroid crystals of varying size, resembling ammonium urates or amorphous urates (Fig 1). Urine bacterial culture revealed no growth. An abdominal ultrasound examination revealed small kidneys with mildly hypoechogenic cortices and suspected renal pelvic urolithiasis. Blood and urine spot samples were again analysed for purine concentrations. Xanthine and hypoxanthine were again markedly higher, and urine uric acid was again markedly lower, than...

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Renal transplantation in cats with calcium oxalate urolithiasis: 19 cases (1997–2004)

Abstract: Renal transplantation appears to be a viable option for cats in renal failure secondary to calcium oxalate urolithiasis. In addition to reported complications in renal transplant recipients, formation of calculi within the allograft may also occur.

Cited by 29 publications

References 29 publications

Pathogenesis of calcium oxalate urinary stone disease: species comparison of humans, dogs, and cats

Pathogenesis of calcium oxalate urinary stone disease: species comparison of humans, dogs, and cats

Ureteral Papilla Implantation as a Technique for Neoureterocystostomy in Cats

Xanthinuria in a domestic shorthair cat

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