Renal function of chloralkali workers after the cessation of exposure to mercury vapor

Efskind, Jon; Ellingsen, Dag G.; Hartman, Anders; Thomassen, Yngvar; Ulvik, Rune J.; Gaarder, Per Ivar; Solberg, Tone Bente

doi:10.5271/sjweh.1005

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Overall, our findings support a previous study that suggests that the renal effects derived from Hg vapour exposure seem to be acute, reversible and not accumulated (Efskind et al, 2006). Moreover, several other factors might directly or indirectly influence our findings; some of them could be related to lifestyle and others to environmental and genetic characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Previous studies have found an elevated Hg exposure among residents of artisanal mining communities in Asia, Africa and South America, particularly in countries such as Peru and Brazil. Several of these studies have reported Hg toxic effects on the kidneys (Buchet et al, 1980; Efskind et al, 2006; Ellingsen et al, 2000; Franko et al, 2005; Jarosinska et al, 2008; Li et al, 2013). However, the published evidence regarding human exposures to Hg due to gold extraction by amalgamation and its association with kidney damage in artisanal mining communities has been limited to investigation of residual Hg in the environment in closed mines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No effect of mercury exposure on kidney function during ongoing artisanal gold mining activities in Colombia

et al. 2016

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This cross-sectional study examined whether people who are exposed to mercury (Hg) vapours in ongoing artisanal gold mining activities have alteration in kidney function monitoring parameters. The study enrolled 164 miners and 127 participant controls. The Hg concentrations for miners and control participants were measured in blood (B-Hg; median 7.0 vs. 2.5 µg/L), urine (U-Hg; median 3.9 vs. 1.5 µg/g creatinine) and hair (H-Hg; median 0.8 vs. 0.4 µg/g hair). The biomarkers of renal function were creatinine, albumin and excretion of β-2 microglobulin. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration equation. Significant statistical differences were found in Hg concentrations and eGFR levels between the two study groups ( p < 0.01) but not with the other biomarkers of renal function. A multiple regression model was applied to explore the relationship of eGFR levels and Hg concentrations. However, no association was found between the prevalence of reduced eGFR (<71.96 mL/min/1.73 m) and the B-Hg or U-Hg levels after adjustment for covariates. Nevertheless, it was observed that having B-Hg levels above 10 µg Hg/L decreased the eGFR by 1.7 mL/min/1.73 m (confidence interval 95% -5.1 to 1.7) compared to having levels below 2.0 µg Hg/L. Our results found no support for kidney damage associated with Hg vapour exposure in ongoing artisanal gold mining, whose population has a level of Hg exposure from low to moderate (B-Hg from 3.4 to 11.0 µg/L and U-Hg from 1.3 to 9.6 µg/g creatinine).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No effect of mercury exposure on kidney function during ongoing artisanal gold mining activities in Colombia

et al. 2016

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“…However, these changes can be reversed. 119 Increased urinary NAG activity was observed in chlor-alkali plant workers. When selenium concentration was low, changes in urinary NAG activity were detected which were associated with the lower selenium concentrations found in whole blood and serum at an early stage.…”

Section: Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nephrotoxic Biomarkers with Specific Indications for Metallic Pollutants: Implications for Environmental Health

2022

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Environmental and occupational exposure to heavy metals and metalloids is a major global health risk. The kidney is often a site of early damage. Nephrotoxicity is both a major consequence of heavy metal exposure and potentially an early warning of greater damage. A paradigm shift occurred at the beginning of the 21st century in the field of renal medicine. The medical model of kidney failure and treatment began to give way to a social model of risk factors and prevention with important implications for environmental health. This development threw into focus the need for better biomarkers: markers of exposure to known nephrotoxins; markers of early damage for diagnosis and prevention; markers of disease development for intervention and choice of therapy. Constituents of electronic waste, e-waste or e-pollution, such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (HG), arsenic (As) and silica (SiO2) are all potential nephrotoxins; they target the renal proximal tubules through distinct pathways. Different nephrotoxic biomarkers offer the possibility of identifying exposure to individual pollutants. In this review, a selection of prominent urinary markers of tubule damage is considered as potential tools for identifying environmental exposure to some key metallic pollutants.

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“…Efskind et al [25] reported an association between urinary N-acetyl-beta -D-glucosaminidase and age. Stengel et al [26] reported that the subject's age, body mass index, and smoking had significantly influence on urinary total-N-acetyl-beta -D-glucosaminidase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary N-acetyl-beta -D-glucosaminidase and its isoenzymes A & B in workers exposed to cadmium at cadmium plating

Kalahasthi

Rajmohan

Rajan

et al. 2007

J Occup Med Toxicol

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Objective: The present study was carried out to determine the effect of cadmium exposure on Urinary N-acetyl-beta -D-glucosaminidase and its isoenzymes A and B in workers exposed at cadmium plating.Methods: 50 subjects using cadmium during cadmium plating formed the study group. An equal number of age-sex matched subjects working in administrative section formed the control group. Urinary cadmium levels were determined by using a flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Urinary N-acetyl-beta -D-glucosaminidase and its isoenzymes A and B were determined by using spectrophotmetric method.Results: A significant increase of urinary total N-acetyl-beta -D-glucosaminidase and its isoenzymes A and B profiles were noted in study as compared to controls. The levels of urinary N-acetyl-beta -D-glucosaminidase and its isoenzymes A and B profiles were positively and significantly correlated with cadmium levels in urine. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the effect of urinary cadmium or life style confounding factors (age, BMI, smoking and alcohol consumption) on urinary N-acetyl-beta -D-glucosaminidase and its isoenzymes A and B. The analysis showed that the study subjects who had urine cadmium levels greater than 5 μg/g of creatinine, work duration >15 years, smoking and body mass index variables were significantly associated with urinary total N-acetyl-beta -D-glucosaminidase but not on isoenzymes A&B. Conclusion:The results presented in this study shows that the increased levels of urinary Nacetyl-beta -D-glucosaminidase observed in cadmium-exposed workers could be used as biomarkers for suggesting preventive measure.

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Renal function of chloralkali workers after the cessation of exposure to mercury vapor

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

No effect of mercury exposure on kidney function during ongoing artisanal gold mining activities in Colombia

No effect of mercury exposure on kidney function during ongoing artisanal gold mining activities in Colombia

Nephrotoxic Biomarkers with Specific Indications for Metallic Pollutants: Implications for Environmental Health

Urinary N-acetyl-beta -D-glucosaminidase and its isoenzymes A & B in workers exposed to cadmium at cadmium plating

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